Conrad Black: In defence of Donald Trump | National Post

Conrad Black: In defence of Donald Trump | National Post:



'via Blog this'



Secondly for today:



I sat through the GOP Debate Tuesday night.  As a Canadian it does not mean much to us except if the US requires Canadians to have a visa to cross the border in search of sun and heat.



Conrad had been on my dump list since his commentaries during the last Canadian Federal Election which made no sense.   He has been good the last couple of weeks and this commentary about the Donald is great.  The Donald is bringing a completely fresh approach to the key questions America faces and that is the most important feature needed now.  I also love the way he ties the lefty media up in knots.  Enjoy the article.



J

Rex Murphy: So why aren’t we celebrating saving the planet? | National Post

Rex Murphy: So why aren’t we celebrating saving the planet? | National Post:



'via Blog this'



Afternoon:



I admit I broke down and bought both the Post and the Globe today.  My excuse is the crossword puzzles, I get the papers for lyndy who enjoys the challenge.  Scanning the paper I found Rex Murphy had addressed the COP21 agreement or should we just say consensus,  Who knows what to call it.  Living in Alberta, Canada we are reaping the triple damage of low oil prices, a socialist government that it punishing the oil industry with still unknown royalties and a carbon tax pending.  All of this combines to rock the very foundation of the Alberta economy.



More later, there is one other article I am putting up from the National Post.



J

Paris: impacts? | Climate Etc.

Paris: impacts? | Climate Etc.:



'via Blog this'





Evening:



Well who ever thought - all that rhetoric and nothing accomplished.  The COP21 agreement will only be used to pile on the taxes of the "middle class", nothing will come from this with the exception that there will be another climate festival next year as the scholars continue their war on science.  Got to love the geography crowd, they have shown the world you can make a living with a this... who knwos what to call it, scholastic activism.  Our ancestors from the long past would be proud; angels dancing on the head of a pin - got to love it.



J

OPEC: Crude production hits highest level since 2012

OPEC: Crude production hits highest level since 2012:



'via Blog this'





Hello:



Couldn't stay away when I ran across this article.  There is nothing better then confusion on the marketplace.  Add this to King Canute and the Global Warming COP21.



Regards,



J

World leaders hail Paris climate deal as ‘major leap for mankind’ | Environment | The Guardian

World leaders hail Paris climate deal as ‘major leap for mankind’ | Environment | The Guardian:



'via Blog this'



Morning:



Adding this story to tie the blog with the story of King Canute and his attempt at controlling the forces of nature.



You have to love the Guardian, they are the finest example of all things left in the print (or electronic) medium.  I like their daily news summaries they email out, it gives me the "british view" of the world shaded pink.



It's too bad that the leaders of the world aren't promising to do something in real time other then tax and regulate back into a more de-industrial world.  No one we know will be around to see if they succeed, what are the bookmakers saying?



My personal theory is that group deindustrialization has all the stability of any oligopoly, the first country to cheat will benefit the most.  This is what happened to OPEC, now in the final stages of blowing up.  With the OPEC example the smaller producers benefited from the increased price of oil caused by the cartel really profited, mostly at the personal level of the leaders, by cheating on their production quotas.  Similarly a country can cheat industrially with energy consumption.  We will see the next big problem being enforcement with countries that still believe bettering the welfare of their citizens.



Anyway, enough already, I was starting to take things seriously but I remembered - this is the United Nations and that organization is the epitome of useless.



Cheers,



J

King Canute and the waves - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

King Canute and the waves - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:



'via Blog this'



Morning:



Well the festival is over and the Geography Scholars have won for now,  It is going to be interesting to see what other forms of real science will now be reversed.



Get ready for your new life in the "carbonless world".  If in fact the world leaders do proceed with their agenda; something I doubt because once the spot light of festival has been turned off, other then the taxation benefits Global Warming will return back to an interesting concept to be discussed over coffee.  Global Warming to the vast majority is code for the weather. We on the other hand in the real world are going to have to deal with higher taxes, higher costs for food, clothing, materials, transportation, medicines, everything we have benefited from in the modern world.



Anyway, sit back enjoy the show, and don't mind that airliner going overhead, it's just taking important people to a special meeting to help make your life better.



Anyway, here is wikipedia's version of the King Canute story. Either version works.



J

Conrad Black: The great climate conference charade playing out in Paris | National Post

Conrad Black: The great climate conference charade playing out in Paris | National Post:



'via Blog this'



Good Evening:



Had a tough day here in Calgary, the city has been wracked by layoffs, restaurants are empty, parking is easy, people are depressed, the economy is circling the drain, the governments in Edmonton and Ottawa have completely been derailed from the pursuit "Good Governance" by their ideological jousting with the windmills of climate change and global warming. We have lost the concept of scientific method and the scientists involved in "Climate Research" have totally debased themselves and probably damaged respect for science for at least a generation.  I am sick of the media and the crap that they pedal as "news" and "commentary" and have cancelled my subscriptions to the Globe and Mail and the National Post.  I am sick of Obama and the left in America and can see where Trump has gained so much support.  I am sick of ISIS and Jihadists in general after the meaningless brutality of Paris and San Bernardino,  I am ready to shut things down here and take to the hills.  I must be getting old.



I wavered in my disdain and read Conrad Black's latest essay, I have even become sick of his verbosity but I had to share his view of Paris and COP21.



Regards,



J

Statement by the Prime Minister on the death of Maurice Strong | Prime Minister of Canada

Statement by the Prime Minister on the death of Maurice Strong | Prime Minister of Canada:



'via Blog this'



Good Morning from Frosty Fernie.



Had to put this in the blog.  Maurice Strong, a man that has cost the world trillions of dollars as the tool of the UN and Climate Club is dead.  Time has a way of curing things and this is a start.



Paris COP21 is kicking off shortly so let's sit back and enjoy the street theater that this represents.  We see that the giant Spanish solar power company Abengoa has gone bankrupt, hmmmmmmm must be telling us something.



Regards,



J

Climate change is the ‘worst threat we are facing this century’: Stephane Dion

Climate change is the ‘worst threat we are facing this century’: Stephane Dion:



'via Blog this'



Good Afternoon:



You couldn't make this up if you tried.  Dion is just not bolted down properly and you can see why he was defeated by PM Harper in their sparring session.  It can only be explained that Dion might think he is getting the last laugh.



Make some popcorn, sit back and enjoy the show.



Regards,



J

Trudeau talks tough with Russia's Putin over Ukraine

Trudeau talks tough with Russia's Putin over Ukraine:



'via Blog this'



Hello:



Well the Dauphin really showed Putin, wonder if he got a selfie?



Regards,



J

Paris massacre: At least 128 die in attacks - CNN.com

Paris massacre: At least 128 die in attacks - CNN.com:



'via Blog this'



Good Evening:



Spent all of yesterday afternoon and evening watching CNN.  This is a terrible attack by the ISIS Islamists on the people of Paris.  I wonder how this will affect the Paris Climate Festival?



Regards,



J

Worst Deal In History: $1.5 Trillion A Year To Reduce Global Warming By 0.048°C

Worst Deal In History: $1.5 Trillion A Year To Reduce Global Warming By 0.048°C:



'via Blog this'



Good Evening:



Always enjoyed Bjorn Lomborg POV.  We had the pleasure of hearing him live at the U of C a couple of years ago.  He makes the Global Warming Scholastics apoplectic with his economic analysis of what they are proposing, at the same time without ever giving them a chance to call him a "Denier".  In the run to to the Paris festival we need to be a little more rational our selves.



Regards,



J

Warming set to breach 1C threshold - BBC News

Warming set to breach 1C threshold - BBC News:



'via Blog this'



Good Afternoon;



Could not resist putting this wonderful tidbit from those scientific wizards at East Anglia as their pre game propaganda for the Paris Climate festival.  "Global Warming" is back!



Regards,



J

United Nations Framework Convention - Climate Court for Bad Countries

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change:



'via Blog this'



Good Morning:



Just want to know what this is all about - have a read.  Who writes this stuff?  What is going to happen when you're are hauled in front of the UN Climate Court (of Star Chamber)?  I think we are in real trouble.

Gotta love the UN.

Regards,

J



ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

AD HOC WORKING GROUP ON THE DURBAN PLATFORM FOR ENHANCED ACTION

Second session, part eleven

19-23 October 2015

Bonn, Germany

Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2 of the Ad Hoc

Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action

Work of the ADP contact group

Version of 23 October 2015@23:30hrs1

A. DRAFT AGREEMENT

[The Parties to this Agreement,

Pp1 Being Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, hereinafter referred to as

"the Convention",

Pp2 In furtherance][pursuit] of the objective, [principles and provisions] of the Convention [as set out in

Articles 2, 3 and 4], [including the principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities^ and

respective capabilities in light of different national circumstances,]]

Pp3 Recalling decisions 1/CP.17, 2/CP.18, 1/CP.19, and 1/CP 20,

Pp4 [Taking account of the [particular vulnerabilities and specific needs of][particularly vulnerable][urgent and

immediate needs and special circumstances of] developing country Parties, especially [those that are

particularly vulnerable, including] the least developed country (LDC) Parties[ and other Parties identified

in Article 4.8 of the Convention], small island developing states (SIDS) [, small mountainous developing

states] and Africa, [and the central American isthmus]][Taking full account of the specific needs and

special situations of the least developed countries and small island developing states arising from the

adverse impacts of climate change],

Pp5 [Recognizing the intrinsic relationship between climate change, poverty eradication and sustainable

development and reaffirming that the response to climate change should be coordinated with social and

economic development [in an integrated manner ]with a view to avoiding adverse impacts [of response

measures on the latter], taking into full account the legitimate priority [needs] of developing countries and

their rights to equitable access to sustainable development for the achievement of sustained economic

growth and the eradication of poverty,] [recognizing the importance of promoting social and economic

development in harmony with nature as the fundamental requirement to address climate change,]],

Pp6 Emphasizing the need for [universal and ]sustained action by all to respond to the urgent threat of climate

change based on the best available [and universally recognized] scientific knowledge including, inter alia,

the assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[, and inputs and resources from

Parties],

Pp7 Recognizing the outcomes of the 2013-2015 Review[, including the Report of the SED, which recognizes

that "significant climate impacts are already occurring at the current level of global warming and additional

magnitudes of warming will only increase the risk of severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts" ],

1 The paragraph numbering as well as the cross-references contained in this version will need to be updated.

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

2 of 51

Pp8 [Noting that the largest share of historical global emissions of greenhouse gases has originated in

developed countries, that per capita emissions in developing countries are still relatively low and that the

share of global emissions originating in developing countries will grow to meet their social and

development needs,]

Pp9 [Recognizing that Parties should take action to address climate change in accordance with evolving

economic and emissions trends, which will continue to evolve post-2020,]

Pp10 Emphasizing the importance of respecting and taking into account [, subject to jurisdiction] [right to

development,] human rights [including people under occupation], gender equality [and women's

empowerment], [the rights of indigenous peoples,][local communities,] intergenerational equity concerns,

and the needs of [migrants] [particularly vulnerable groups] [people in vulnerable situations], [including

people under [foreign] occupation,] women, children and persons with disabilities, when taking action to

address climate change,

Pp11 Also emphasizing of the importance of aligning actions with the goal of promoting food security and

livelihood security, restoration of degraded lands, health, and ecosystem integrity, participation in

environmental decision-making by civil society and individuals, and a just transition of the workforce and

creation of decent work and quality jobs in accordance with nationally defined development priorities and

strategies [towards environmentally sustainable economies for all],

Pp12 Option 1: Recognizing the importance and special characteristics of land use, including forests, in relation

to, inter alia, food security, diverse land management systems, removals as well as emissions, multiple

sustainability objectives, disturbance, permanence, legacy and non-anthropogenic effects,

Option 2: Recognizing the fundamental priority of the international community in the eradication of

hunger and safeguarding food security,

Pp13 Recognizing the critical role played by sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases, [such as forests,] through

mitigation and adaptation actions, [including REDD-plus,] [and the Joint Mitigation and Adaptation

Mechanism] to attain the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, conserve

biological diversity, restore ecosystems and enhance ecosystem services, including food security, while

acknowledging their vulnerability to climate change and associated natural disturbances;

Pp14 Reaffirming the crucial importance of education, training, public awareness, public participation, public

access to information and international cooperation on these matters for promoting changes in lifestyles,

attitudes and behaviour needed [to foster low-emission and climate-resilient development] and to mobilize

public support for climate policies and action, [recognizing that sustainable lifestyles and sustainable

patterns of consumption and production play an important role in addressing climate change, [with the lead

of developed countries]and recognizing the important role that subnational and local authorities, as well as

non-state actors and the private sector, play in addressing climate change,

Pp15 [Acknowledging that putting a price on carbon is an important approach for cost-effectiveness of the cuts in

global greenhouse gas emissions,]

Have agreed as follows:

Article 1 (DEFINITIONS)

For the purposes of this Agreement, all definitions contained in Article 1 of the Convention apply.

In addition:

1. “Parties present and voting” means Parties present and casting an affirmative or negative vote;

2. “Party” means a Party to this Agreement;

3. “CMA” means the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this

[Agreement];

4. [Placeholder for “countries in need of support”;]

5. [Climate forcers: compounds or group of compounds that contribute to climate change. This

contribution can be measured through their radiative forcing (W/m2). They are well-mixed and

near-term greenhouse gases, aerosols, or particles;]

6. [“Emission reductions” means the sum of all reduced emissions and increased carbon stocks;]

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

3 of 51

7. [“REDD+” means a mechanism aimed at reducing emissions from deforestation and forest

degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of

forest carbon stocks in developing countries that is based on the Warsaw Framework for REDD+

and relevant decisions of the [Conference of the Parties];]

7bis. [“JMA” means a mechanism for the implementation of joint mitigation and adaptation actions for

the integral and sustainable management of forests alternative to REDD+ and to results-based

payments;]

8. [“Developed country Party” means a developed country Party [under the Convention] [within the

meaning of this Agreement] [under the UN system];]

9. [“Developing country Party” means a developing country Party [under the Convention] [within

the meaning of this Agreement] [under the UN system];]

10. [Placeholder for “climate finance”];

11. ["Conference of the Parties" means the Conference of the Parties to the Convention;]

12. ["Convention" means the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted in

New York on 9 May 1992;]

13. ["Party included in Annex I" means a Party included in Annex I to the Convention, as may be

amended, or a Party which has made a notification under Article 4, paragraph 2(g), of the

Convention;]

[Further definitions may be required at a later stage in the negotiating process.]

Article 2 (PURPOSE)

Option 1:

1. The purpose of this Agreement is [to [enhance the implementation of the Convention and] to achieve [its]

objective [of the Convention] as stated in its Article 2. In order to strengthen and support the global response to

the urgent threat of climate change, Parties [shall][agree to] to take urgent action and enhance

[cooperation][support] so as to:

a. hold the increase in the global average temperature [below 2 °C][below 1.5 °C][well below 2

°C][below 2 °C or 1.5 °C] [below 1.5 °C or 2 °C][as far below 2°C as possible] above

pre-industrial levels by ensuring deep cuts in global greenhouse gas [net] emissions.

b. pursue a transformation towards sustainable development, to foster societies that are resilient to

climate change and economies that are low in greenhouse gas emissions and to ensure that food

production and distribution are not threatened.

c. increase their ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change [and to effectively

respond to the impacts of the implementation of response measures and loss and damage.]

2. [This Agreement shall be implemented on the basis of equity and science, in [full] accordance with the

principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities[, in light of

national circumstances] [the principles and provisions of the Convention], while ensuring the integrity and

resilience of natural ecosystems, [the integrity of Mother Earth, protection of health, a just transition of the

workforce and creation of decent work and quality jobs in accordance with nationally defined development

priorities] and the respect, protection, promotion and fulfillment of human rights for all, including the right

to health and sustainable development, [including the right of people under occupation] and to ensure

gender equality and the full and equal participation of women, [and intergenerational

equity].]

Option 2:

No text

Article 2bis (GENERAL)

Option 1:

1. All Parties shall regularly prepare, communicate and implement [intended] nationally determined

contributions towards achieving the [purposes of this Agreement as set out in Article 2 above] [objective of

the Convention as set out in its Article 2], in accordance with Article 4 of the Convention.

2. Each Party's [intended] nationally determined contribution will represent a progression in light of Parties'

differentiated responsibilities and commitments under the Convention.

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

4 of 51

3. The extent to which developing country Parties will effectively implement this Agreement will depend on

the effective implementation by developed country Parties of their commitments on provision of finance,

technology development and transfer and capacity-building.

4. Successive [intended] nationally determined contribution will be communicated before the expiry of the

previous [intended] nationally determined contribution by that Party.

Option 2:

No text

Article 3 (MITIGATION)

1. Collective long-term goal

Option 1:

[Parties aim [to achieve the global temperature goal], in accordance with the best available science [and the

principles of the Convention], through [long-term global [low-[carbon][emission] transformation]

[[climate][carbon] neutrality]], [and peaking their [net] emissions] [by 2030][20XX][as soon as possible],

[with a [x]40-[y]70% net emission reduction below 2010 levels by 2050][according to the global carbon

budget distribution based on climate justice], and [overall reductions][[net] zero emissions] [over the course

of the century][by

2050][by 2100].2]

Option 2:

[Parties aim to reach long-term global low-emission transformation, in the context of sustainable

development and equitable access to atmospheric space

{placeholder for further elaboration of the context, including CBDR, comprehensiveness, distribution of

global carbon budget based on climate justice and etc.}.]

Option 3:

[In pursuit of the objective of the Convention set out in its Article 2,][and][to achieve the long-term

temperature goal set out in Article 2 of this Agreement,] Parties aim to reach [by X date] [as soon as possible]

[a peaking of global greenhouse gas emissions] [and rapid reductions of global greenhouse gas emissions

thereafter to at least] [40-70] [70-95] per cent below 2010 levels by 2050] [and zero net greenhouse gas

emissions in the period 2060 - 2080] [[bearing in mind that peaking will vary for different countries and will

be longer for developing countries] [[and] bearing in mind social and economic development and poverty

eradication are the first and overriding priorities of developing country Parties]][[in pursuing

[decarbonisation of the global economy over the course of this century] [global low - carbon transformation]

[global low-emission transformation]] [in the sharing of the remaining global emission budget]].

2. Individual efforts

Option 1:

Each Party [shall][should][other] regularly [prepare] communicate [maintain] [fulfil]

[implement] [a][successive] nationally determined mitigation

[contribution][commitment][component of the contribution referred to in Article 2 bis] {hereafter NDMC},

which the Party [shall][should][other] implement.

Option 2:

[Each Party][All Parties] [recognizing the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and

respective capabilities] [shall][should][other] regularly [formulate] [prepare], [communicate] [submit],

[maintain] [update] and [shall][should][other] [implement] [fulfil] [intended][nationally determined

mitigation [commitments][contributions][actions]] [nationally determined mitigation commitments and/or

contributions] [a nationally determined contribution with a mitigation component], [, which can be in the

form of co-benefits resulting from [its] [the Party's] adaptation contributions and economic diversification

plans] [programmes containing measures to mitigate climate change] {hereafter

NDMCNDMCC}[placeholder of context, pples, art 4, support, etc.]3

2 There is a need to specify the context, which placement is yet to be decided.

3 Indicate linkage with art 2 bis general, legal issue, housing, timing. The placing of this paragraph needs to be

further discussed.

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

5 of 51

3. Differentiated efforts

Option 1:

No text additional to Article 3.2

Option 2:

3.3 In accordance with Article 4, paragraph 2, of the Convention, developed country Parties and other Parties

included in Annex I of the Convention shall undertake quantified economy-wide absolute emission reduction

commitments/targets, which are comparable, measurable, reportable and verifiable, covering all GHGs and

implemented domestically without any conditions;

3.3bis In accordance with Article 4, paragraphs 1, 3, 4, 5 and 7, of the Convention, developing country Parties

should undertake diversified enhanced mitigation actions/efforts in a measurable, reportable, and verifiable

manner, in the context of sustainable development and supported and enabled by the provision of adequate

finance, technology and capacity-building by developed country Parties.

3.3ter Developed country Parties' post-2020 economy-wide absolute emission reduction

commitments/targets shall be progressively more ambitious over time.

3.3quat Developing country Parties' post-2020 diversified enhanced mitigation actions/efforts will be more

ambitious than compared to their pre-2020 actions under the Bali Action Plan, supported and enabled by

enhanced finance, technology development and transfer and capacity-building by developed country Parties

over time.

Option 3:

{add following to 3.2 option 1}: [in accordance with][taking into account] its common but differentiated

responsibilities and respective capabilities, in light of different national

circumstances { principle based differentiation}

Option 4: {modulators to 3.2}

3.3: Each Party that has previously [communicated] [implemented] absolute economy-wide emissions

reduction or limitation targets should continue to do so and all Parties should aim to do so over time.

{modality based differentiation option 1 + progression of modalities}

3.3alt: Developed countries [and other Parties [in a position][who determine] to do so] should take the lead in

mitigation efforts, including by [communicating] [and implementing] absolute economy-wide emissions

reduction [or limitation] targets and all other Parties should aim to do so over time. [developed countries

taking the lead + modality based differentiation option 2]

[Parties may otherwise communicate quantified targets relative to business as usual, carbon intensity of

GDP, or other reference point, or non-economy-wide actions.]

3.3bis Each Party's NDMC/NDMCC [shall][should][other] reflect a progression beyond the Party's previous

efforts and highest possible ambition [level of ambition + progression]

[in accordance with][taking into account] its common but differentiated responsibilities and respective

capabilities, in light of different national circumstances [principle based differentiation]

3.3bisAlt Each Party's NDMC/NDMCC [shall][should][other] reflect the highest possible ambition [level of

ambition]

[in accordance with][taking into account] its common but differentiated responsibilities and respective

capabilities, in light of different national circumstances [principle based differentiation]

3.x4 Notwithstanding Articles 3.2 and 3.3 above, Parties that are LDCs, SIDs may communicate their

NDMC/NDMCC at their discretion, including information on strategies, plans and actions for low GHG

emission development, reflecting their special circumstances. {applies to all options for 3.3}

4. Progression

Each Party's NDMC/NDMCC [shall][should][other] be progressively more ambitious over time. [The

progression of ambition of developing country Parties' NDMC/NDMCC will be supported and enabled by

enhanced finance, technology development and transfer and capacity-building by developed country Parties

over time.]

5. Ambition

Each Party should ensure that its NDMC/NDMCC reflects the Party's highest possible ambition, in light of its

national circumstances and of recommendations by science.

4 This provision may apply to other parts of this Article, in particular features and housing.

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

6 of 51

6. Information

In communicating their [proposed] [intended] NDMC/NDMCC, Parties shall provide the information

necessary for clarity, transparency and understanding, in accordance with [decision 1/CP.21 ][1/CP.20 ] [and

any subsequent decisions by the CMA.] [Article 12 of the Convention and the relevant arrangement for

reporting information adopted by the CoP including those resulting from the Bali Action Plan and the

information listed in decision 1/CP.20.]

7. Features5

Option 1:

[Each Party' s NDMC/NDMCC [shall] [should] [other]: (a)

[Be quantified or quantifiable;]

(b) [Be unconditional, at least in part;]6[ with developing countries able to specify additional levels of

mitigation to be implemented with support;]

(c) [Maximize adaptation co-benefits;]

(d) [Prioritize actions that are immediately implementable, scalable and results oriented, including

REDD+;].

(e) [[Strive to] include all key categories of emissions by sources and removals by sinks;]

(f) [Include any source, sink or activity that has been previously included;]

(g) [Continue to include any sources, sink or activity that has been previously included;]

(h) [Be based on reference values that are defined transparently and are consistent with environmental

integrity;]

(i) [Use common Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) metrics, guidance and

guidelines for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions and removals as agreed by the CMA;]

(j) [To the extent that it uses baselines, base these on real and verifiable data;]

(k) [Be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Convention;]

(l) [Take into account the outcomes of the global stock-take and the process to facilitate

implementation set out in Articles 10 and 11 respectively;]

(m) [Parties should use joint mitigation and adaptation approach for the integral and sustainable management

of forests as an alternative policy approach to results-based payments;]

(n) [, which can be in the form of co-benefits resulting from [its] [the Party's] adaptation contributions and

economic diversification plans ]

(o) [Ensure environmental integrity;]

(p) [Other.]]

Option 2:

[Each developed country Party's NDMC/NDMCC [and of those Parties in a position to do

so][shall][should][other]:

(a) [Be quantified or quantifiable;]

(b) [Be unconditional;]

(c) [Maximize adaptation co-benefits;]

(d) [Prioritize actions that are immediately implementable, scalable and results oriented, including

REDD+;].

(e) [[Strive to] include all key categories of emissions by sources and removals by sinks;]

(f) [Include any source, sink or activity that has been previously included;]

(g) [Continue to include any sources, sink or activity that has been previously included;]

(h) [Be based on reference values that are defined transparently and are consistent with environmental

integrity;]

(i) [Use common Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) metrics, guidance and

guidelines for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions and removals as agreed by the CMA;]

5 One group of Parties is of the view that this issue should be dealt with in the Decision.

6 [South Africa wishes its reservation on the original text in brackets to be recorded; we do not accept any

unconditional part of contributions that are nationally determined, particularly if this is a precondition under Art 17.]

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

7 of 51

(j) [To the extent that it uses baselines, base these on real and verifiable data;]

(k) [Be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Convention;]

(l) [Take into account the outcomes of the global stock-take and the process to facilitate implementation set

out in Articles 10 and 11 respectively;]

(m) [Parties should use joint mitigation and adaptation approach for the integral and sustainable management

of forests as an alternative policy approach to results-based payments;]

(n) [, which can be in the form of co-benefits resulting from [its] [the Party's] adaptation contributions and

economic diversification plans ]

(o) [Ensure environmental integrity;]

(p) [Other.]]

[Each developing country Party's NDMC/NDMCC [shall][should][other]:

(a) [Be expressed as an unconditional target and a conditional target, based on the provision of finance

and/or technology transfer and/or capacity building;]

(b) [Be expressed as a sectoral or collection of targets;]

(c) [Be expressed where possible, in a manner that is quantified or quantifiable;]

(d) [Maximize adaptation co-benefits;]

(e) [Prioritize actions that are immediately implementable, scalable and results oriented, including

REDD+;].

(f) [[Strive to] include all key categories of emissions by sources and removals by sinks;]

(g) [Include any source, sink or activity that has been previously included;]

(h) [Continue to include any sources, sink or activity that has been previously included;]

(i) [Be based on reference values that are defined transparently and are consistent with

environmental integrity;]

(j) [Use common Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) metrics, guidance and guidelines for

the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions and removals as agreed by the CMA;]

(k) [To the extent that it uses baselines, base these on real and verifiable data;]

(l) [Be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Convention;]

(m) [Take into account the outcomes of the global stock-take and the process to facilitate implementation set

out in Articles 10 and 11 respectively;]

(n) [Parties should use joint mitigation and adaptation approach for the integral and sustainable management

of forests as an alternative policy approach to results-based payments;]

(o) [, which can be in the form of co-benefits resulting from [its] [the Party's] adaptation contributions and

economic diversification plans;]

(p) [Ensure environmental integrity;]

(q) [other.]]

8. Timing

(a) First communication (streamlinedfrom 3.2, 3.6bis)

Option 1:

Each Party's first NDMC/NDMCC is that listed in Annex [x] to the Agreement.7 Option 2:

Each Party shall communicate its first NDMC/NDMCC no later than upon [ratification or acceptance

of] [joining] this agreement.

Option 3:

No provision on first communication in Agreement [For Decision text]

(b) Subsequent communications (Merged proposal from (3.6 inc. elements of 3.2 bis, 3.4, 3.4 bis, 7,

3.6bis):

Option 1: communication to 5 year time period

Every 5 years, harmonised NDC

7 Some Parties would like to reflect the need for NDMC/NDMCC to be captured in an Annex to the Agreement at

COP 21 in Paris. Links to housing issue and Article 3.2

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

8 of 51

Each Party shall [[communicate its [successive] [new]] [update its] NDMC/NDMCC by [year x]

[2020] [2021] and every five years thereafter, on a [synchronised][common] basis, [or resubmit

an existing NDMC/NDMCC], [for the subsequent 5 year timeframe], taking into account the

outcomes of the global stocktaking referred to in Article [x]. Submit INDC

All Parties shall submit [intended] [proposed] NDMC/NDMCC [12 [-18] months prior to] [well

before] [finalisation [inscriptions]

Finalise NDC

[[with a view to [inscription in [Annex] x8][finalization] [at least 3 months prior to][well before]

the CMA at which NDMC/NDMCC will be collectively updated]]; [placeholder for an option

regarding an "indicative" or "intended" subsequent NDMC/NDMCC for [5] years after the year

of the submitted contribution.]

Option 2: communication before the end of the period of implementation

Successive NDMC/NDMCC [shall] [will] [other] be communicated by Parties after

completion of the current implementation cycle.

(c) Consultative period/ex ante (including parts of 3.2 bis, 4 and 4bis, 3.10)

Option 1:

[In the 12 [-18] month period referred to in paragraph x] [The CMA shall facilitate [conduct]] [All

Parties shall participate in] a [preparatory] process to [facilitate] [enhance] the clarity, transparency

and understanding of the [intended] [proposed] NDMC/NDMCC, including their aggregate effect in

the light of the long-term temperature goal in Article 2 of this agreement, including through the

production of an aggregate synthesis report. The [preparatory] process shall be conducted in

accordance with modalities and procedures to be adopted by the CMA at its first session

Option 2:

No provision on consultative period/ex ante

Option 3:

Placement: Deal with this issue in Article 9

(d) Common timeframe in future (previous 6 option 1b, quater)

Option 1:

A common timeframe for Parties' NDMC/NDMCC from 2030 onward shall be decided by the CMA at

its first session

Option 2:

No provision for common timeframe

Option 3:

Differentiated timeframes for developed and developing countries to be decided by the CMA at its first

session

(e) Adjustments at any time (previous 3.4 ter and 3.6 ter)

Option 1:

A Party may, at any time, submit an update to its NDMC/NDMCC that represents a progression in

ambition beyond its previous efforts [in accordance with the simplified adjustment procedure

referred to in Article X]

Option 2:

The enhancement of the [(I)NDCS][NDMC/NDMCC] of developing country Parties is premised

on the adequacy of finance, technology transfer and capacity building support from developed

country Parties. A developing country Party may adjust its [(I)NDC][NDMC/NDMCC] when

severely affected by an extreme natural event, force majeure, or when adequate finance, technology

development and transfer, and capacity building support is not available;

Option 3:

No text on adjustment

Additional notes on related provisions:

8 Housing issue dealt with separately

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

9 of 51

* 3.4: This restructuring does not deal with the accompanying information requirements, as currently outlined in 3.4.

After stripping out the timings elements, the paragraph would read: There shall be a high-level session on mitigation,

as part of the process outlined in Article 10 every 5 years, the modalities of which are to be in accordance with

decision 1/CP.21 and any subsequent decisions by the

CMA]

9. Housing

Option1:

[The NDMC/NDMCC communicated by Parties shall be [listed][published] in a [online registry maintained

by the secretariat][Annex [X] to this agreement][on the UNFCCC website].]

Option 2:

[The NDMC/NDMCC communicated by developed country Parties shall be inscribed in Annex A to this

agreement.

The NDMC/NDMCC communicated by developing country Parties shall be inscribed in Annex B to this

agreement.]

10. Accounting

Option 1:

[In tracking progress towards achieving NDMC/NDMCC, Parties shall apply the principles of transparency,

accuracy, completeness, comparability, consistency, avoidance of double-counting, and environmental

integrity.]

Option 2:

[In tracking progress towards achieving NDMC/NDMCC, Parties shall apply the principles of transparency,

accuracy, completeness, comparability, consistency, avoidance of double-counting, and environmental

integrity.]

[The rules and guidance related to tracking of progress towards achieving NDMC/NDMCC accounting [that

are set forth in [relevant COP decisions and in] decision 1/CP.21], including with respect to land use [and

land-use change] [and forests] [ and REDD+] [and internationally transferred mitigation outcomes], [shall be

adopted by the CMA at its first session and maybe amended by any subsequent decisions by the CMA] [so as

to improve clarity, transparency and environmental integrity of the agreement.]

Option 3:

(a) [Taking into consideration the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities and

respective capabilities, and article 4.9 of the Convention] [The rules and guidance related

to accounting [that are set forth in [relevant COP decisions and in] decision 1/CP.21],

including with respect to land use [and land-use change] [and forests][ and REDD+][and

internationally transferred mitigation outcomes], [shall be adopted by the CMA at its first

session and maybe amended by any subsequent decisions by the CMA] [so as to improve

clarity, transparency and environmental integrity of the agreement.]

(b) [In accounting for their NDMC/NDMCC, each Party shall, taking into account guidance

developed under paragraph (a) above]:

(i) [Use common metrics, guidance and guidelines accepted by the IPCC for the estimation of

greenhouse gas emissions and removals and agreed by the CMA];

(ii) [Ensure methodological consistency between the definition of the NDMC/NDMCC and its

implementation];

(iii) [Include an explanation for the exclusion from their NDMC/NDMCC of any key categories

of emissions and removals, and strive to include these over time];

(iv) [[Ensure that] Once a source, sink or activity is accounted for in a NDMC/NDMCC, Parties

shall continue to include];

(v) [[Ensure that] internationally transferred mitigation outcomes used by any Party to meet its

nationally determined mitigation commitment shall be real, permanent, additional and

verified, be subject to systems to ensure that units are not counted more than once in

tracking progress toward nationally determined mitigation commitments and shall be

supplemental to domestic action].

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

10 of 51

Option 4:

Deal with accounting in Transparency of Action and Support

Option 5:

No provisions on accounting and land use Differentiation modulator: (A choice to be made for options 1, 2, and 3).

Option 1:

[Taking into consideration the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities,

and article 4.9 of the Convention]

Option 2:

No differentiation modulator applied in this specific paragraph (does not prejudge how or where differentiation is

treated in this section).

Other choices (accounting):

• Legal/ technical:

o CMA

o COP

o 1/CP.21

• Inclusion of/ exclusion of:

o Land Use, Land-Use Change, Forests, REDD+

o Internationally transferred mitigation outcomes

11. Methods and guidance

Option 1:

In the context of NDMC/NDMCC, when recognising and implementing mitigation actions in respect of

anthropogenic emissions and removals [including from land use [or REDD+]], Parties may draw from [/build on]

existing methods and guidance under the UNFCCC and the IPCC.

Option 2:

No provisions on accounting and land use

12. Long-term strategies

[Parties [are invited][should strive ]][invite Parties, on voluntary basis] to formulate and communicate

longer-term low-emission development strategies [in accordance with the modalities to be decided by the

CMA at its first session][Developed country Parties shall formulate low emissions development strategies

with time frames for zero emissions. Developing country Parties are encouraged to develop a long-term

green and low-carbon development strategy, plan or programme, as appropriate].

[The secretariat shall maintain in a public registry, Parties' communicated low-emission development

strategies.]

13. Response Measures

[Preamble: Parties acknowledge the importance of cooperation including around economic diversification to reduce

the adverse impacts of the implementation of response measures.]

Option 1:

[Parties shall give full consideration to what actions are necessary under the Agreement to meet the specific

needs and concerns of developing country Parties arising from the impact of the implementation of response

measures, including in terms of economic diversification, and taking into consideration that poverty

eradication and social and economic development, are the first and overriding priorities of developing

country Parties.

Parties agree to enhance actions under this agreement, including through strengthening institutional

arrangements and shall adopt modalities and procedures for enhancing those arrangements. To this end the

CMA shall establish a cooperative mechanism to address the adverse impacts of the implementation of

response measures on developing country Parties, as included in Decision X/CP.21.]

Option 2:

No text

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

11 of 51

14. Unilateral Measures

Option 1:

[Developed country Parties shall not resort to any form of unilateral measures against goods and services

from developing country Parties on any grounds related to climate change, recalling the principles and

provisions of the Convention, in particular its Article 3, paragraphs 1, 4 and 5, and Article 4, paragraphs 3, 5,

7, 8, 9 and 10, taking into account the principles of equity, common but differentiated responsibilities, and the

obligations of developed country Parties to provide financial resources, transfer of technologies and

capacity-building support to developing country Parties.]

Option 2:

[No text.]

15. REIOS

[Parties, including regional economic integration organizations and their member States, may jointly

communicate and[/or] implement their NDMC/NDMCC[ detailing in its joint communication combined level

of NDMC/NDMCC and individual levels of NDMC/NDMCC of each member State of that regional

economic integration organization. If Parties acting jointly do so in the framework of, and together with, a

regional economic integration organization, any alteration in the composition of the organization after

adoption of this Agreement shall not affect existing NDMC/NDMCC under this Agreement. Any alteration in

the composition of the organization shall only apply for the purposes of those commitments under Article 3

that are adopted subsequent to that alteration. If Parties acting jointly to implement their NDMC/NDMCC in

the framework of, and together with, a regional economic integration organization which is itself a Party to

this Agreement, each member State of that regional economic integration organization individually, and

together with the regional economic integration organization shall, in the event of failure to achieve the total

combined level of NDMC/NDMCC, be responsible for its level of NDMC/NDMCC as communicated in

accordance with this Article.]

16. Cooperative approaches

Option 1:

Parties may also cooperate in the implementation of NDMC/NDMCC. {second sentence of original 3.8}

Option 2:

[Parties when using cooperative approaches shall ensure that they deliver real permanent additional and

verified internationally transferrable mitigation outcomes which shall only be accounted once]

[The cooperation of Parties in the implementation of mitigation activities to implement NDMC/NDMCC

may include cooperation through the Warsaw Framework for REDD-plus, mechanisms developed under the

COP and cooperative approaches involving the international transfer of mitigation outcomes that meet

standards and guidelines, to be decided upon by the CMA at its first session, that are aimed at ensuring

environmental integrity and that ensure that they deliver real, permanent, additional and verified

internationally transferrable mitigation outcomes that shall only be accounted once toward tracking progress

toward NDCs. The CMA shall provide for a mechanism to support sustainable development, to be available

to assist Parties in fulfilling their NDMC/NDMCC, while respecting the NDMC/NDMCC of the host

Party.]

• Potential elements of elaboration of the option:

• Approval by the Parties involved

• Transfer of units/outcomes

• Standards for environmental integrity

• Real, verified, permanent, additional

• Accounted once/no double counting (also see the relevance of article 3.5 of the text of October 5th as

well as 3.4 quinquies and paragraph 30(e) of the decision)

• Transparency, accuracy, completeness, comparability, consistency

Option 3:

Parties acknowledge the importance of cooperation instruments to enhance mitigation commitments at the

local, regional and/or international level.

Option 4:

No provision

17. Support

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

12 of 51

Developed country Parties, the operating entities of the Financial Mechanism and any other organizations in

a position to do so shall provide support for the preparation, communication and implementation of

NDMC/NDMCC of developing country Parties.

Option 1:

[Developing country Parties][developing country Parties and other countries with economies in

transitions][Parties in need of support] are eligible for support in the implementation of this Article.

Option 2:

The developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II to Convention shall provide

new and additional financial resources, technology transfer and capacity building to meet the agreed full

costs incurred by developing country Parties in complying with their obligations under this Article.

18. Framing

[The implementation of the provisions of this Article should [reflect][be subject to] [national circumstances]]

[common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities in light of different national

circumstances and different development stages ] [differentiation between developed and developing country

Parties ] [of LDCs and SIDs].

[The extent to which developing country Parties will effectively implement their commitments will depend

on the effective implementation by developed country Parties of their commitments related to financial

resources, transfer of technology and capacity-building.]

19. International Transport Emissions

Option 1:

Parties [shall][should][other] pursue limitation or reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from international

aviation and marine bunker fuels, working through the International Civil Aviation Organization and the

International Maritime Organization, respectively, with a view to agreeing concrete measures addressing

these emissions, including developing procedures for incorporating emissions from international aviation

and marine bunker fuels into low-emission development strategies.

Option 2:

No text

[Article 3bis] on REDD-plus

1. [Mechanisms for forest mitigation and adaptation are] [A REDD-plus mechanism is] hereby defined.

2. The REDD-plus mechanism consists of relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties, including

decisions 9 to 15/CP.19 and decision XX/CP.21.

3. The purpose of the REDD-plus mechanism shall be to incentivize the reduction of emissions from

deforestation and forest degradation and to promote conservation, sustainable management of forests and

enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries, while enhancing the non-carbon benefits

derived as a result of the multiple functions of forests, including alleviating poverty and building ecosystem

resilience.

[4. The Joint Mitigation and Adaptation Mechanism (JMA) is established to support the integral and sustainable

management of forests as an alternative to results-based payments, in accordance to decision X/CP.21.]

[Article 3ter] on mechanism to support sustainable development

Option 1:

1. Establishes a mechanism to support sustainable development to be available to assist Parties in fulfilling

their NDMC/NDMCC. This mechanism shall be under the authority and guidance of the CMA and be

supervised by a body designated by the CMA, and would aim to:

(a) Enhance mitigation ambition and the mobilization of financing for climate action;

(b) Incentivise and enable participation in cost-effective mitigation action by public and private entities

acting under the responsibility of a Party.

2. The CMA shall adopt modalities and procedures for the mechanism referred above on its first session.]

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

13 of 51

Additional elements to article 3 ter to be reflected in the article (these are also applicable to paragraph 34

of the decision):

• Additional element - own contribution - EU submission on paragraph 34 "Deliver where desired

by Participating Parties a net contribution to mitigation over and above the current

NDMC/NDMCC of the Parties participating".

• Approval by the Parties involved

• Article 3 ter enabling creation of multiple mechanisms

• Sustainable development criteria of the host country

Option 2:

Recommends that the CMA at its first session consider establishing a mechanism to support sustainable

development to be available to assist Parties in fulfilling their NDMC/NDMCC. This mechanism would be

under the authority and guidance of the CMA and be supervised by a body designated by the CMA, and

would aim to:

(a) Enhance mitigation ambition and the mobilization of financing for climate action;

(b) Incentivize and enable participation in cost-effective mitigation action by public and private entities

acting under the responsibility of a Party;

Requests the SBSTA to elaborate modalities and procedures for the mechanism for sustainable development

referred to in paragraph 34 above and report to the IPC at its [X] session with a view to the IPC

making recommendations, for consideration and adoption by the CMA at its first session, that inter

alia:

(c) Provide, where desired by the participating Parties, for the creation and issuance of real, permanent,

additional and verified mitigation outcomes that may be used to meet NDMC/NDMCC in a manner

that is supplementary to domestic action, is consistent with the rules and guidance for accounting,

and provides for a share of proceeds for adaptation;

(d) Deliver, where desired by participating Parties, a net decrease or avoidance of emissions;

(e) Build on the mechanism defined in Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol and related decisions of the

Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol;] {paragraph 34

option 1 of the decision}

Option 3

[For the purpose of meeting a portion of its mitigation commitment under Article 3, any Party may elect to

use certified units (CU) generated under the new market-based mechanism defined under decision 2/CP.17,

paragraph 83, subject to the adoption by the CMA of modalities and procedures elaborating each of the

elements in decision 1/CP.18 paragraph 51, and the adoption of eligibility rules for participation which

promote fair and equitable access for all Parties. These modalities and procedures shall ensure that the design

and operation of the mechanism delivers net global emission reductions, through the cancellation of a share

of units generated, transferred, used or acquired from offsetting activities.]

Option 4:

Establishes a mechanism to support holistic and integrated approaches to sustainable development in

harmony with nature to be available to assist developing country Parties in fulfilling their NDMC/NDMCC

including in a balanced manner mitigation, adaptation, provision of finance, technology transfer and capacity

building. This mechanism shall be under the authority and guidance of the CMA and be supervised by a body

designated by the CMA, and would aim to:

(a) Enhance mitigation and adaptation ambition and the provision mobilization of public financing

technology transfer and capacity building in an integrated manner for climate action;

(b) Enhance non-market-based approaches and enable participation in joint cost-effective mitigation and

adaptation actions by public and private entities acting under the responsibility of a Party.

(c) Support the implementation of the joint mitigation and adaptation approach for the integral and

sustainable management of forests as an alternative policy approach to results-based payments.

(d) Fully respect mitigation contributions of participating Parties to ensure that the global mitigation effort

is not undermined.

The CMA shall adopt modalities and procedures for the mechanism referred above on its first session.]

Option 5:

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

14 of 51

No Article 3ter.

Article 4 (ADAPTATION)

1.

Option 1: Parties hereby establish the [global goal][long-term vision] of enhancing adaptive capacity,

strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change, [in accordance with the objective,

principles and provisions of the Convention, including common but differentiated responsibilities and

respective capabilities, with a view to [enabling climate resilient sustainable development and] ensuring

adaptation in the context of the goal of holding the increase in the global average temperature [below 2

C][below [2 or] 1.5 C] referred to in Article 2 of this Agreement].

Parties recognize that adaptation is a [global] challenge faced by all with local, national, regional and

international dimensions, and that it is a key component of and contribution to the long-term global response

to climate change to protect people, livelihoods and ecosystems[, taking into account the urgent and

immediate needs of those developing countries that are particularly vulnerable].

Option 2: Parties share the goal of increasing resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change,

recognizing that adaptation is a challenge faced by all, with local, national, regional and international

dimensions, and that it is a key component of and contribution to the long-term global response to climate

change to protect people, livelihoods and ecosystems.

2. Option 1: [Parties recognize that adaptation will be needed regardless of the level of mitigation reached and that

[less adaptation will be needed if[, inter alia,] their collective mitigation efforts are greater].]

Option 2: [The [global goal][long-term vision] for adaptation shall be the basis for, inter alia:

(a) Assessment of the adequacy of support from developed country Parties[9] to developing country

Parties[10] and a platform to undertake such an assessment through strengthened measurement,

reporting, and verification of support;

(b) Recognition of adaptation efforts of developing countries;

(c) Recognition of increased adaptation needs and associated costs in light of mitigation efforts, taking

into account that adaptation will be needed regardless of the level of mitigation reached, and also

taking into account the relationship between aggregate mitigation ambition, associated climate

change impacts, and adaptation needs and cost, and recognizing there are limits to adaptation.]

Option 3: no text

3. Option 1: Parties [acknowledge][X] that adaptation action should follow a country-driven,

gender-responsive, participatory and fully transparent approach, [respecting [human rights][right to

life][rights of people under occupation] and] taking into consideration vulnerable groups, communities and

ecosystems, and should be based on and guided by the best available science and[, as appropriate,] traditional

and indigenous [and local knowledge systems][[peoples knowledge] and [local] knowledge,] [taking into

account relevant activity on adaptation of UN specialized organizations] with a view to integrating

adaptation into relevant social, economic and environmental policies and actions, where appropriate.

Option 2: Parties acknowledge that adaptation action should follow a country-driven, gender-responsive,

participatory and fully transparent approach, taking into consideration vulnerable groups, communities and

ecosystems, and should be based on and guided by the best available science and, as appropriate, traditional

indigenous and local knowledge systems, [taking into account relevant activity on adaptation of UN

specialized organizations,] with a view to integrating adaptation into relevant socio-economic and

environmental policies and actions, where appropriate.

4. Parties further recognize the importance of [international cooperation and] support for adaptation efforts and

the importance of taking into account the needs of those developing countries that are particularly vulnerable,

recognizing the particular vulnerabilities of Least Developed Countries and Small Island Developing States.

[Parties included in Annex II of the Convention shall enhance the support for the implementation of

paragraph 7 of this Article, national adaptation plans and the other adaptation actions, in accordance with the

provisions of Article 4 of the Convention, recognizing the urgent and immediate needs and special

circumstances of developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable.]

9 In all cases in the context of support, where it says "developed country Parties", read "developed country Parties

[and other Parties in a position to do so]".

10 In all cases in the context of support, where it says "developing country Parties" read "developing country Parties

and other Parties in need of support, including countries with economies in transition".

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

15 of 51

5. Parties [shall][should] enhance [their] cooperation, including with respect to:

(a) Sharing information, good practices, experiences and lessons learned[,including through a

knowledge dimension informed by science, planning and policy aspects to implement adaptation

action;]

(b) [Strengthening institutional arrangements [under the Convention] to support the synthesis of relevant

information and knowledge as well as the provision of technical [support and] guidance [and

support][to the Parties];

(c) [Strengthening information available to underscore the importance of systematic observation of the

climate system for advancing scientific knowledge on climate change and advising informed

policy-making to include] [early warning and emergency response preparedness][comprehensive

climate risk management];

(d) [Assessment for the adequacy of support referred to in paragraph 2 (option 2 (a)) above, with a view

to ensuring transparency and accountability;]

(e) [Assisting developing countries to identify adaptation needs, priorities, support provided and

received for adaptation actions and efforts, challenges and gaps encouraging good practices.]

(f) [Improving the effectiveness and durability of adaptation actions]

6. Each Party, in accordance with [Article 4, paragraph 1 of the Convention and] its national circumstances and

priorities [shall][should] engage in [a] [national] adaptation planning [process], [including national

adaptation plans,] and/or enhance other relevant plans, policies, actions, and/or contributions, which could

include:

(a) Assessments of climate change impacts [and][or] vulnerability [with a view to identifying the

vulnerable people, places, ecosystems and sectors];

(b) [Prioritizing action with respect to the most vulnerable people, places, [and] ecosystems [and

sectors];]

(c) Strengthening [governance and enabling environments for][arrangements for implementation of]

adaptation;

(d) Monitoring[, reporting], evaluating, and learning from, adaptation plans, policies, programmes and

actions;

(e) [Building resilience of socio-economic and ecological systems, including through economic

diversification and sustainable management of natural resources;]

(f) [Enhancing of implementation of plans, policies and actions in a manner that is continuous and shall

have continuous and enhanced international support.]

(g) [Strategies and approaches for enhancing the effectiveness of adaptation planning and actions, in the

context of broader economic and development efforts.]

7. Each Party [shall][should][may] submit [[an] adaptation communication[s]][communications or

undertakings on adaptation] that [shall][should][may][, with a view to sharing good practices, experiences,

and lessons learned, including on progress in implementing adaptation action, and to build capacity] include:

(a) Its priorities[, experiences, efforts], needs, plans [and actions];

(b) [The level of support needed by developing country Parties in order to enhance adaptation action;]

(c) [Actions on provision of support to developing country Parties by developed country Parties;]

8. The [adaptation communication[s]][communications or undertakings on adaptation] referred to in paragraph

7 above, [shall][should][may] be:

(a) Submitted independently[, included in,] or in conjunction with another communication^ including a

national adaptation plan, an [intended] nationally determined contribution, and/or a national

communication][, in a manner that does not create an additional burden to [developing country]

Parties;]

(b) Option 1: [Updated [periodically] every [X] [5] years [periodically] in [conjunction with the

mitigation cycle][accordance with modalities to be decided by the [CMA][CMP]].

Option 2: no text

9. Option 1: The [[an] adaptation communication[s]][communications or undertakings on adaptation] referred

to in paragraph 7 above shall be [recorded in [a registry][[another][other] modalit[y][ies]]] made publicly

available by the secretariat [on the UNFCCC website][in accordance with modalities to be decided by the

[CMA][CMP] at its first session].

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

16 of 51

Option 2: no text

10. Option 1: [There shall be a [high-level session][global stocktake] on adaptation every [X] years, with the

purpose of [raising the profile of adaptation efforts undertaken and considering experiences, challenges, and

future priorities, with a view to increasing the effectiveness of adaptation actions][enhancing implementation

of adaptation action based on the [an adaptation communication[s]][communications or undertakings on

adaptation] referred to in paragraph 7 above, assessing the adequacy of support, and recognizing adaptation

efforts of developing countries], and guided by modalities to be adopted by the [CMA][CMP] at its first

session.]

Option 2: [The [CMA][CMP] shall facilitate the communication of adaptation efforts for the stocktake

referred to in Article 10.]

Option 3: no text

11. Option 1: [The Adaptation Committee and the Least Developed Countries Expert Group[, the Adaptation

Fund, the Green Climate Fund, LDCF, SCCF, the Technology Executive Committee, the Consultative Group

of Experts on National Communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention, and other

relevant bodies] shall serve this Agreement[, be enhanced and their work intensified, as appropriate, within

their respective mandates][under the guidance by the CMA].]

Option 2: Institutional arrangements for adaptation under the Convention shall serve this agreement. The

CMA shall, based on a review of institutional arrangements under the Convention, further elaborate the

adaptation framework for this Agreement, in order to enhance its coherence and effectiveness, building on,

consolidating and coordinating institutional arrangements relevant to adaptation under the Convention.

12. Option 1: [[Developing country] Parties [in need][other Parties in need of support] are eligible for support in

the implementation of this Article]

Option 2: [Developed country Parties shall provide developing country Parties, taking into account the need

of those that are particularly vulnerable, with long-term, scaled-up, predictable, new and additional finance,

technology and capacity-building, consistent with relevant provisions of the Convention, to implement

urgent, short-, medium- and long-term adaptation actions, plans, programmes and projects at the local,

national, subregional and regional levels, in and across different economic and social sectors and

ecosystems][Developed countries [shall][should] transfer technology, in particular for early warning systems

through United Nations mechanisms, in order to make it accessible for all].

Option 3: no text (text on adaptation support to be considered in Articles 6, 7, 8, and 9)

Article 5 (LOSS AND DAMAGE)

[Option 1:

1. An international mechanism to address loss and damage is hereby defined under this agreement/protocol and

shall be bound by the principles and provisions of the Convention, in particular common but differentiated

responsibilities and respective capabilities.

2. The purpose of the mechanism shall be to promote and support the development and implementation of

approaches to address loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change, inter alia,

extreme events and slow onset events, in developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse

effects of climate change.

3. The international mechanism on loss and damage shall draw upon, further develop and elaborate on the work

of the Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage pursuant to relevant COP decisions, including

the development of modalities and procedures for the mechanism's operation and support. It can involve, as

appropriate, existing bodies and expert groups under the Convention, as well as relevant organizations and

expert bodies outside the Convention, and be informed by relevant precedents in international law.

4. The international mechanism on loss and damage shall be subject to the authority and guidance of the

governing body/CMP/CMA and supported through the financial mechanism of the Convention.

5. The governing body/CMP/CMA shall, at its first session, establish a climate change displacement

coordination facility to help coordinate efforts to address the displacement of people as a result of the extreme

impacts of climate change.

6. The governing body/CMP/CMA shall, at its first session, initiate a process to develop approaches to address

irreversible and permanent damage resulting from human-induced climate change, and shall endeavour to

complete this process within four years.]

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

17 of 51

[Option 2: No reference to loss and damage (no Article 5).]

Article 6 (FINANCE)

Option I

1. [Over time, [all] finance flows should [promote][and][be consistent with] the transformation to low-emission

and climate resilient societies and economies.]

2. [To this end, all Parties shall take action to mobilize, and/or facilitate the mobilisation of, climate finance in

line with their respective and evolving responsibilities and capabilities. Some Parties may need support in

order to take action.]

3. [The actions taken by Parties in the mobilization of climate finance shall reflect and be dynamically adapted

to future changes in needs, developments and environmental and economic realities, reflecting evolving

capabilities and responsibilities.]

4. [[Developed country Parties should take the lead and][Developed country Parties[, Parties with economies in

transition] [and Parties [in a position][with capacity] to do so]] [All Parties [in a position][with capacity] to

do so] [shall][should][other] provide support to assist developing country Parties with respect to both

mitigation and adaptation [and others in a position to do so should complement such efforts].]

Option II

1. [In the implementation of this Agreement, developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in

Annex II to the Convention shall provide and mobilize new and additional, adequate, predictable, accessible,

sustained and scaled-up financial resources to developing countries to enhance the implementation of their

policies, strategies, regulations, and action plans and their climate change actions with respect to both

mitigation and adaptation to contribute to the achievement of the objective of this Agreement, meeting costs

of adaptation, addressing loss and damage and including access to and transfer of environmentally-sound

technologies and capacity-building, based on the principles and in accordance with the provisions of the

Convention.] {This paragraph would replace option 1 paragraphs 1 to 4}

5. [Parties [[shall][should][other] take appropriate steps to][should promote the mobilization of climate finance

from a wide variety of instruments and channels, including public, private, bilateral, multilateral, domestic,

and international. In this regard]:

(a) [Recognizing the importance of mobilizing domestic resources [in the first instance], Parties [in a

position][with capacity] to do so should provide support to assist developing country Parties in need

of support with respect to both mitigation and adaptation;]

{Substantive overlap with option 1 paragraph 4 and option 2 paragraph 1}

(b) Parties [shall][should] strive to improve domestic [and international] enabling environments [and

policy frameworks] to [attract] [and] [mobilize] low-emission, climate-resilient [finance and]

investment, noting that cooperative action and support may enhance such efforts;

(c) [Parties should] [prioritize the provision of] [recognize the importance of providing] [the most

concessional finance] [grant-based [and concessional finance][support]] to the poorest, most

vulnerable, and/or those with the least ability to mobilize other resources, [including][especially] for

adaptation[, with priority given to financing for activities that are readily implementable, scalable,

results based and deliver co-benefits];]

(d) [Prioritize financial support for results-based payments for verifiable achieved emission reductions

related to existing approaches under the Convention;]

(e) [Parties should integrate climate considerations, including resilience, into their domestic

development plans, international development assistance, and domestic and international

investments;]

(f) [Parties should [reduce international support for high-emission [and maladaptive] investments]

[and[/or]][or] [enhance international support for low-emission and climate-resilient investments].]

6. [Parties [shall][should][other] explore options for simplifying procedures for accessing support [and

improving readiness], in particular for the LDCs and SIDS.]

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

18 of 51

7. [Parties [shall][should][other] implement and improve where necessary the pricing of greenhouse gas

emissions.]

8. [[Parties recognize the importance of the Green Climate Fund and other multilateral mechanisms [and other

efforts] for] The mobilization of climate finance [that] [shall][should][other] be scaled up [in a predictable

and transparent manner] [beyond previous efforts] [from USD 100 billion per year] from 2020.]

8bis. [The provision and mobilization of financial resources by developed country Parties and other developed

Parties included in Annex II shall represent a progression beyond their previous efforts, and financial

resources shall be scaled up from a floor of US$100 billion per year from 2020, including a clear

burden-sharing formula among them, and in line with needs and priorities identified by developing country

Parties in the context of contributing to the achievement of the objective (Article 2/XX) of this Agreement.

These resources shall be provided in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner, and be based on clear

road map with individual annual targets in the post-2020 period, with clearly identified pathways to annual

expected levels of available resources towards achieving short-term quantified goals. It shall take into

account an equitable regional distribution of financial resources and a gender-sensitive approach, and include

the implementation of Articles 5 and 6 of the Convention.]

8ter. [Enhancing the scale and effectiveness of climate finance depends on the actions set forward in paragraph 5.]

9. [[Parties] [recognize][recognizing][note][noting] [the [desirability][role] of][that sources may include] a

wide variety of sources, public and private, bilateral and multilateral, including [alternative][additional]

sources[, noting the need for a diversity of sources and instruments to fit recipients' changing economic

circumstances].]

9bis. [Public funds, distinct from Official Development Assistance, will be the main source of financing, noting that

sources may include a wide variety of sources, public and private, bilateral and multilateral, including

additional sources to meet developing country needs for mitigation and adaptation actions. In the

mobilization of finance from various sources, Parties shall abide by the principles of fiscal sovereignty and

avoid incidence on developing country Parties[, particularly disguise distortions to trade].]

10. [[Developed country Parties [and other developed Parties included in Annex II]] [Developed country

Parties[, Parties with economies in transition] and Parties [in a position][with capacity] to do so] [All Parties]

[shall][should][other] [periodically] [prepare and] communicate [biennially on the provision and

implementation] [[relevant, indicative] information] [on the [provision of financial resources, including

quantitative and qualitative information on the] [projected][achieved] [efforts to mobilize climate

finance][levels of public [climate finance][financial resources to be provided to developing country

Parties]][about their plans related to paragraph 5, as appropriate].]

10bis. [Parties should periodically communicate relevant, indicative information about their plans related to

paragraph 5, as appropriate.]

11. [The short-term collective quantified goal by developed country Parties shall be (periodically) reviewed and

assessed based on needs and priorities identified by developing country Parties, in accordance with

modalities and procedures to be developed by the CMA, in the context of achieving the objective of this

Agreement.]

12. [The CMA shall facilitate the communication of finance efforts for the stocktake referred to in Article 10,

taking into account the [annual reports][biennial assessment] of the Standing Committee on Finance.]

{Pending outcome of discussions on Article 10}

13. [Placeholder: outcome on discussion on MRV and Article 9 on transparency]

14. [Placeholder: notion of avoiding double counting]

15. [[Parties][The provision of [support][these scaled-up resources]] [should][shall] strive to [achieve a] balance

[of] [adaptation support [relative to][and] mitigation support][50:50 allocation for mitigation and adaptation

actions of developing country Parties], [bearing in mind][taking into account the] country-driven strategies,

priorities and needs [of developing country Parties which are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of

climate change, including small island developing States (SIDS), least-developed countries (LDCs), and

Africa].]

16. [Parties recognize that financing for adaptation should be public and grant-based.]

17. [The provision of financial resources, including for the transfer of technology shall ensure facilitated and

enhanced direct access, pursue a country-driven approach, delivered through simplified procedures, and

continuous readiness support in particular to capacity-constrained developing countries, in particular LDCs

and SIDs. It shall likewise ensure adequacy and predictability of resources, and avoid double counting.]

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

19 of 51

18. [The CMA shall ensure that adequate support is available to the International Mechanism to address Loss and

Damage as defined in Article (XX), as well as to promote and support the development and implementation

of approaches to address irreversible and permanent damage resulting from human-induced climate change.]

19. [Parties may transfer mitigation outcomes for the purpose of fulfilling commitments and supporting actions

under this Agreement in accordance with relevant COP decisions.]

{Placement proposal: mitigation Article of the Agreement section}

20. [The Financial Mechanism, as [established by][defined in] Article 11 of the Convention, shall serve as the

financial mechanism of this Agreement, including [the Green Climate Fund and the Global Environment

Facility as] its operating entities[, in line with their respective mandates][The Financial Mechanism

established by Article 11 of the Convention, including its operating entities, shall serve as the Financial

Mechanism of this Agreement].]

[Its operation shall remain open to be entrusted to other existing international entities. The guidance to the

entity or entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism of the Convention in relevant

decisions of the Conference of the Parties, including those agreed before the adoption of this Protocol, shall

apply mutatis mutandis to the provisions of the paragraph.]

{Placementproposal: issue to be addressed in decision paragraph 45}

[The Funds under the Convention such as the Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF) and the

Least-Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), and the Adaptation Fund under the Kyoto Protocol to the

UNFCCC (KP) shall also serve this Agreement. Other funds may be established under this Agreement as

may be deemed necessary. These funds shall operate under the guidance and authority of the CMA in relation

to activities to be developed and implemented under this Agreement.] {Placementproposal: issue to be

addressed in decision paragraphs 44 and 45}

[The Adaptation Fund Board, established by decision 1/CMP.3 shall be designated as an operating entity

entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism, referred to in Article 6.20, for the implementation of

this Agreement.] {Placementproposal: issue to be addressed in Agreement on interim arrangements}

21. [The Standing Committee on Finance established under the Convention shall [serve this Agreement.] [assist the

CMA in exercising its functions with respect to the Financial Mechanism of the Convention, in line with its

functions and responsibilities established under the COP.] [Other thematic bodies of the Convention shall

likewise assist the CMA, which may also establish other thematic bodies as may be necessary.]] {Placement

proposal: issue to be addressed in decision part; issue of other thematic bodies not appropriate for finance

section of the agreement}

Article 7 (TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER)

1. All Parties[, in accordance with the principles and provisions of the Convention, in particular Article 4 [and

Article 11]], noting the importance of [meeting the] technology [requirements] for the implementation of

mitigation and adaptation actions under this Agreement and recognizing existing deployment and

dissemination efforts, [shall][should] strengthen cooperative action [among Parties] [to accelerate and

upscale] [on] [technology development and transfer] [through];

[inter alia:

(a) [Improve endogenous capacities and enabling environment according to nationally determined needs

and priorities, in accordance with Article 4.5 of the Convention]

(b) Address barriers [in accessing to][for] the transfer of safe, appropriate and environmentally, and

socially sound technologies [by developing countries]; and

(c) Foster cooperative approaches to research and development].

[1ter. Option 1: The [CMA] shall, at its first session, establish a global goal for technology development and

transfer[, with the aim of improving the resilience of countries through adaptation and mitigation.][, under

which][ In this regard] developed country Parties shall regularly prepare, communicate and implement their

commitments on provision of developed country Parties' ready-for-transfer technologies and know-how as

well as providing financial resources for collaborative research and development of environmentally sound

technologies and enhancing the access of developing countries to such technologies, that match developing

country Parties' technology needs, in order to progressively scale up support and cooperation for technology

development and transfer, taking into account the limit to global average temperature increase referred to in

Article 2, paragraph 2 of the Agreement.]

Option 2: No text

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

20 of 51

2. Option 1: The CMA shall, at its first session, consider and adopt a technology framework in accordance

with the guidelines contained in decision 1/CP.21. Such a technology framework would be intended to

provide direction and overarching guidance to the work of the existing institutions in the medium and long

term and to strengthen them.

Option 2: The Technology Framework shall provide direction and overarching guidance in respect of

technology assessments, identifying those with potential for high impact, and identifying options for

enhancing access, and addressing barriers to their deployment. The framework shall further guide the work of

the Technology [Mechanism] [institutions] [under this Agreement] in the medium to long term, and

strengthen them.

2bis. Option 1: In accordance with Article 4, paragraph 5 of the Convention, developed country Parties shall provide

financial resources to address barriers created by policies and intellectual property rights (IPRs) and facilitate

access to and the deployment of technology, including, inter alia, by utilizing the Financial Mechanism

and/or establishing a funding window under the GCF to meet the full costs of IPRs of environmentally sound

technologies, know-how and such technologies will be provided to developing country Parties, free of cost,

in order to enhance their actions to address the adverse effects of climate change.

Option 2: No text

3. Option 1: The [Technology Mechanism] [institutional arrangements for technology established under the

Convention] shall [be strengthened and] serve this Agreement [by facilitating enhanced action on technology

development and transfer].

Option 2: The Technology Mechanism shall serve this Agreement and be strengthened by facilitating

enhanced action which include inter alia; anchoring dedicated nodal research, development and

demonstration facility on technology development and transfer.

4. Option 1: Developing country Parties are eligible for support in the implementation of this Article.

Option 2: [In accordance with Article 4, paragraphs 3[ and 5][, 5 and 9] of the Convention,] developed

country Parties and other Parties included in Annex II to the Convention shall provide support, including

financial support, for strengthening cooperative action the implementation of the technology framework

through the Technology Mechanism. The availability of the financial support shall include through the

Financial Mechanism.

Option 3: No text

5. Option 1: Developed country Parties and other Parties included in Annex II to the Convention shall provide

support for the research, development and application of environmentally sound technologies and facilitate

the transfer of and access to such technologies for developing country Parties, including by, inter alia,

strengthening cooperative action, providing financial resources to address barriers caused by the absence of

domestic research and development capability and innovations, and enhancing access to environmentally

sound technologies and know-how.

Option 2: No text

Article 8 (CAPACITY-BUILDING)

1. Option 1: Capacity-building under this Agreement should facilitate the enhancement of ability and

capacity in all areas on climate change for developing country Parties, particularly vulnerable developing

countries like Least Developed Country Parties, Small Island States and Africa, in accordance with

principles and provisions of the Convention to identify, design and implement adaptation and mitigation

actions; facilitate technology development and the absorption of technology; facilitate access to finance;

facilitate relevant aspects of education, training and public awareness; and facilitate the transparent, timely

and accurate communication of information.

Option 2: The objective of capacity building under this Agreement is to enhance the capacities of Parties,

in particular vulnerable developing countries, including Least Developed Country Parties and Small Island

States, to effectively implement this Agreement.

Option 3: Capacity-building under this Agreement should facilitate the enhancement of ability and

capacity in all areas on climate change for developing country Parties, particularly vulnerable developing

countries like Least Developed Country Parties, Small Island States and Africa, and other Parties in need of

support, including countries with economies in transition, in accordance with principles and provisions of

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

21 of 51

the Convention to identify, design and implement adaptation and mitigation actions; facilitate technology

development and the absorption of technology; facilitate access to finance; facilitate relevant aspects of

education, training and public awareness; and facilitate the transparent, timely and accurate

communication of information.

Option 4: The objective of capacity building under this Agreement is to enhance the capacities of Parties,

in particular Parties in need, to effectively implement this Agreement.

2. Option 1: Capacity-building should be based on and respond to national needs and foster country ownership

of Parties, in particular for developing country Parties, including at the national, subnational and local

levels. Capacity-building should be guided by lessons learned and should be an effective, iterative process

that is participatory, country-driven, cross-cutting and gender-responsive.

Option 2: Capacity-building should be country-driven, based on and responsive to national needs and

foster country ownership by developing country Parties, including at the national, subnational and local

levels. Capacity-building should be guided by lessons learned, including under the Convention, and should

be an effective, iterative process that is participatory, cross-cutting and gender-responsive.

3 Option 1: Developed country Parties shall scale up support to enhance the capacity of

developing country Parties to implement this Agreement, mainly through the financial

mechanism of the Convention.

Option 2: All Parties should cooperate to enhance the capacity of developing country Parties in need of

support to implement this Agreement.

3.bis. Option 1: Developed country Parties shall regularly prepare, communicate and implement plans, policies,

actions and measures on capacity-building support to developing country Parties, in order to progressively

scale up such support and cooperation to enhance the capacity of developing country Parties to implement

this Agreement, including through regional, bilateral and multilateral approaches.

Option 2: All Parties should regularly prepare and communicate actions or measures on capacity-building,

in order to enhance the capacity of developing country Parties in need of support to implement this

Agreement, including through regional, bilateral and multilateral approaches. Developing country Parties

shall regularly communicate progress made on implementing any capacity-building plans, policies actions

or measures, including the impact and estimated results of support received for capacity-building.

Option 3: No text (issue to be dealt with in the Article on transparency)

4. Option 1: The provision of capacity-building, including under this Agreement, shall be enhanced through,

inter alia, effective institutional arrangements. Existing institutional arrangements shall therefore be

enhanced, as appropriate, to improve the provision of capacity-building. In order to further enhance and

coordinate capacity-building consistent with this Agreement, an international capacity-building

mechanism is hereby established to serve the Agreement.

Option 2: Institutional arrangements related to capacity-building serving this Agreement should enhance

the effectiveness of capacity building efforts.

Article 8 bis

Option 1: Parties shall cooperate and take appropriate measures to develop, adopt and implement policies,

strategies, regulations and/or action plans on climate change education, training, public awareness, public

participation and public access to information so as to enhance actions under this Agreement.

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

22 of 51

Option 2: Parties [shall] [should] cooperate and take appropriate measures to enhance climate change

education, training, public awareness, public participation and public access to information so as to enhance

actions under this Agreement.

Article 9 (TRANSPARENCY)

1. Option 1: A robust transparency framework covering both action and support, differentiated between

developed and developing countries, building on the arrangements under the Convention, related COP

decisions and mechanisms established by Cancun agreements (decision 1/CP.16), applicable to all Parties,

providing flexibility to developing countries Parties is hereby established.

Option 2: A unified and robust transparency system, covering both action and support, with built in

flexibility to take into account Parties' differing capacities, and applicable to all Parties is hereby established.

Option 3: A robust, tiered transparency framework covering both action and support, applicable to all

Parties, based on self-differentiation with no backsliding, national capabilities and INDCs, that builds on and

enhances existing arrangements under the convention and Decision 1/CP. 16, is hereby established.

Option 4: Building on existing Convention arrangements, a transparency framework for action and support,

that takes into account Parties different capacity and applicable to all Parties, is hereby established.

{A suggestion made that it is possible to merge 9.2 and 9.3 under one chapeau}

2. The purpose of the system for transparency of action is to: Option

1:

(a) Provide a clear understanding of the emissions and removals of individual Parties;

(b) Facilitate understanding of global aggregate net emissions [in the light of the global temperature

goal][in the light of {refer to the objective of the stocktake under Article 10}][under Article 10];

(c) Ensure clarity and tracking of progress made in implementing and achieving individual Parties'

respective [contributions] [commitments] [other] under Article 3;

(d) [Share information, lessons learned and good practice on adaptation, including on][Provide a clear

understanding of] progress made in implementing individual Parties' actions11 under Article 4[, and

other regional and global actions on adaptation in the light of the global temperature goal];

[(e) Promote comparability among developed country Parties.] {The proponents of this language feel that

it could be moved to another more appropriate part of Article 9.}

Option 2:

Provide a clear understanding of climate change actions in the light of the objective as set by Article 2 of the

Convention and consistent with the principles and commitments of Articles 3 and 4 of the Convention.

3. The purpose of the system for transparency of support is to:

(a) Provide a clear understanding of the support provided and received [as relevant] by individual Parties [as

well as needs of developing country Parties] [and assist Parties in identifying gaps in support

provided and received], without placing an undue burden on SIDS and LDCs;

(b) Provide[, to the extent possible,] a full overview of aggregate support provided and [mobilized] [in

the light of {refer to the objective of the stocktake under Article 10}][under Article 10];

(c) Ensure [clarity and tracking][measurement, reporting and verification] of progress made by

developed country Parties in providing support in accordance with Articles 6, 7 and 8;

(d) Ensure clarity and tracking of support needed and received by developing country Parties in

accordance with Articles 6, 7 and 8;

(e) Ensure that there shall be no double counting of financial resources provided [and ensure

environmental integrity of this agreement]. {While the first concept is relevant here, the second

bracketed concept does not relate to this section on support, and could be moved elsewhere.}

{Further discussion is needed on: the relationship between the system and existing arrangements; the nature of

flexibility,; and the potential role of 'nationally determined'.}

11 The term "actions" will be readjusted to align with the term that Parties agree under Article 4.

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

23 of 51

4. Option 1: Each Party[, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and their specific

national and regional development priorities, objectives, and circumstances,] [shall][should][other] provide

transparent, complete, consistent, comparable, and accurate information in accordance with guidelines

[referred to in para 6] [developed by the CMA] on:

Option 2: Each Party [shall][should][other], [regularly] [biennially] provide transparent, complete,

consistent, comparable, and accurate information in accordance with guidelines [referred to in para 6]

[developed by the CMA] on:

(a) Its national inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases,

[using common metrics and] comparable methodologies as agreed on by the [CMA][COP];

[(b) Projected estimated emissions and removals;]

(c) Progress made in implementing and achieving [nationally determined] mitigation

[contribution][commitment][other] {precise language will be consistent with Article 3};

(d) [Vulnerability to] climate change impacts and [adaptation][actions taken] to build resilience and

reduce vulnerability [and progress on implementing any adaptation action under Article 4, paragraph

7] {Precise language will be consistent with Article 4};

(e) Support provided and received, as relevant {Precise language will be consistent with Article 6, 7 and

8};

(f) Specific information requirements under Article 6, 7 and 8, [efforts to improve domestic enabling

environments; and on the use, impact and estimated results of support for [mitigation] actions]

{Precise language will be consistent with Article 6, 7 and 8}.

{Paragraphs 4 and 5 should be considered together as Parties have different views on the logic, implication and

structure of these two paragraphs}

5.

Option1:The information provided by each Party shall be reviewed at least biennially by international technical

expert review. The review process shall provide a thorough, objective and comprehensive technical

assessment of the implementation by a Party of the requirements of the Agreement. The technical expert

review shall be carried out by an expert review team, based upon guidance adopted by the CMA at its first

session.

The expert review team shall produce a report on the results of the technical expert review, which shall be

communicated to the CMA. The expert review team shall consult the Party concerned on the report prior to

its communication to the CMA. The report shall analyse the extent to which the Party is on track to achieving

its obligations under this agreement, as well as the extent to which the Party's reporting is in line with the

guidelines.

The report shall identify any issues related to compliance.

Option 2:The information required under this Article shall be subject to a technical expert review in accordance with

common guidelines and procedures adopted by the CMA. The review will consider the consistency with

guidelines adopted by the CMA, the Party's implementation and achievement of its nationally determined

mitigation [commitment / contribution], and identify any areas for improvement in reporting. For Parties with

least capacity, the expert review may also identify capacity building needs. The technical expert review shall

be carried out by an expert review team. The expert review team shall produce a report for publication by

Secretariat and consideration by the CMA;

Each Party shall undergo a multilateral and facilitative examination of the implementation of its [nationally

determined mitigation] [contribution / commitment / other].

Option 3: Built on the existing MRV arrangements under the Convention:

(a) Developed country Parties shall report information related to their actions and provision of support to

developing countries in accordance with the provisions of the Convention and relevant decisions of

the COP mutatis mutandis under the Agreement, in their national communications, biennial reports

and annual inventory reports. All of that information will be verified through a robust technical

review process followed by a multilateral assessment process, and result in a conclusion with

consequences for compliance;

(b) Developing country Parties should report information on their actions and support received

according to the Convention and relevant decisions of the COP, inter alia procedures set up under

decisions 1/CP.16 and 2/CP.17 mutatis mutandis, and the level of support received from developed

country Parties.

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

24 of 51

Developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II shall ensure transparency of

support by:

(a) Providing clear information in national communications and biennial reports;

(b) Providing a clear road map with individual annual commitments for public funding, technology

transfer and capacity-building support in the post-2020 period;

(c) Drawing on the work according to the mandate of the Standing Committee on Finance under the

COP to assist the COP in exercising its functions with respect to the MRV of support provided to

developing country Parties;

(d) Drawing on the work of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) on

methodologies for the reporting of financial information.

Option I:

6. [The CMA shall at its first session, building on lessons learned [and elaborating on the provisions above], adopt

[common] modalities, procedures and guidelines, [to elaborate on the provisions above] [as appropriate, for

promoting environmental integrity] [for the reporting and review of the information as set out in paragraph

4]. It shall take into account, inter alia:

(a) The need for flexibility in the light of capability;

(b) The importance of facilitating improved reporting and transparency over time;

(c) The need to avoid undue burden and duplication, taking into account the particular

situation of small States Parties with limited administrative capacities;

(d) The facilitative, non-intrusive nature of review;

(e) The need to ensure no backsliding;

(f) The need to ensure no double counting;

(g) The need to ensure environmental integrity.]

Option II:

6. The CMA shall at its first session, building on lessons learned from reporting under the Convention and

elaborating on the provisions above, adopt common modalities, procedures and guidelines, as appropriate,

for transparency of action and support.

6bis. The transparency system shall be guided by the Principles and provisions of the Convention and be conducted

in facilitative, non-intrusive, non-punitive, respectful of national sovereignty, provide flexibility and avoid

undue burden to developing countries.

6bis.1 There shall be a transition period of [5][10] years for developing country Parties.

6ter. The rules and guidance related to accounting [that are set forth in decision 1/CP.21,] [including with respect

to [land use], will apply along with any subsequent decisions by the CMA.

6quater.The secretariat shall maintain [in a public registry] Parties' nationally determined

[contributions][commitments] other] [and use such information to assess the aggregate effect of the

[contributions][commitments] and progress towards implementation of the Convention.]

6quinquies.[The CMA shall facilitate the enhancement of the clarity, transparency and understanding of the

nationally determined [contributions] communicated by Parties.]

7. [The CMA shall cooperate with the Conference of the Parties to avoid overlap and duplication.]

{Proposed to move this to Article 12 (CMA)}

8. [Developing country Parties shall [[receive][be eligible for] support to [assist in the implementation

of][implement] this Article]][implement this Article consistent with their capacities and the level of support

provided].

8bis. [Developed country Parties][shall][should][other]provide support to developing country Parties in the

implementation of this Article.]

8ter. Developed country Parties, the operating entities of the financial mechanism and any other organizations in a

position to do so shall allocate financial resources for the building of transparency-related capacity of

developing country Parties in need, on a continuous basis.

9. [The CMA shall periodically review its decisions and update them, as appropriate [and at least once every 5

years].] {Proposed to move this to the section on the transparency of action and support in the draft decision}

10. The transparency arrangements under the Convention, including national communications, biennial reports

and biennial update reports, international assessment and review (IAR) and international consultation and

analysis (ICA) shall serve this Agreement.

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

25 of 51

Article 10 (GLOBAL STOCKTAKE)

1. The CMA shall periodically take stock of the implementation of this Agreement [in accordance with

Article 4.2(d), Article 7.2(e) and Article 10.2 (a) of the Convention,] to assess [overall]

[aggregate][collective] progress towards achieving the [[ultimate] [objective of the] Convention] [the

long-term goal established in this agreement] [and] the purpose of this Agreement in a comprehensive and

facilitative manner, [including identifying means of further advancing such objectives within this

agreement] [and to inform the process referred to in Article 3.6 and Article 4.6] [Article 6]. 12

2. The stocktaking shall consider [overall] [aggregate][collective] implementation in relation to mitigation,

adaptation and the means of implementation, taking into account the different specificities of each issue

[and] [Parties' differentiated responsibilities and commitments][different national circumstances] [and

equity].

3. The stocktaking shall consider information from, inter alia, [the mechanisms of the Conventions and this

agreement], [information on the implementation of individual and collective efforts under the Agreement],

including [on assessments of aggregate level of ambition communicated through the proposed nationally

determined contributions for the subsequent commitment period in relation to the level of ambition needed

as recommended by the best available science]; the best available science, [including reports of the IPCC];

and information from other relevant international processes [other information decided by the CMA].

4. The CMA shall undertake its first global stocktake in [2023] [2024][after the review of the accelerating the

pre-2020 implementation and the review of adequacy of post-2020 finance support by developed country

Parties,] and [every five years thereafter] [at regular intervals to be decided by the CMA.]

5. [The extent to which developing country Parties can participate in the global stocktake will depend on the

provision of finance resources.]

Article 11 (FACILITATING IMPLEMENTATION AND COMPLIANCE)

Option I:

1. (Establishment) [A] [Implementation] [and] [Compliance] [mechanism][process][Committee] [, including a

Committee [as a standing subsidiary body under the CMA]][compliance mechanism for developed countries

and a facilitative mechanism for developing countries][applicable to all Parties] is hereby established.

2. (Objective and scope) The objective of the [mechanism][process][Committee] referred to in paragraph 1 of

this Article is to:

Option 1:

[promote and] facilitate [and incentivize][effective] implementation of [and promote [and enforce]

compliance with] [the [applicable] provisions of] [commitments under] [Articles [3] [, 4, 6, 7, 8] and [9] of]

this Agreement [and to assess and address questions of implementation arising from each Party's

performance in accordance with those provisions]

Option 2:

promote compliance by developed countries and to facilitate implementation by developing countries

through provision of adequate financial resource and transfer of technology

Option 3:

address cases of non-compliance by developed country Parties, including through the development of an

indicative list of consequences, taking into account the cause, type, degree and frequency of non-compliance

and facilitate implementation by developing country Parties

3. (Nature)

Option 1:

[The [Committee][mechanism][process][, including the Committee,] shall be [expert based,] [facilitative] [in

nature] [and shall act in a manner that is transparent], [non-punitive], [non-adversarial] and [non-judicial]. [It

shall pay particular attention to the respective national capabilities and circumstances of Parties.]

Option 2:

12 Unless otherwise provided, the cross-references in this Article refer to the numbering as in

ADP.2015.8.InformalNote.

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

26 of 51

For developing country Parties, the nature should be facilitative, non-punitive, non-adversarial and

non-judicial

4. (Structure)

It [shall function through a plenary and] shall consist of [two separate [branches] [forums] [mechanisms]] [:]

Option 1:

[X] members serving in their individual capacity, nominated by Parties and elected by the CMA, with due

consideration to equitable geographical representation based on the five regional groups of the United

Nations, ensuring the representation of small island developing States. The members shall be elected at the

first session of the CMA.

The Committee shall make every effort to adopt its decisions by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have

been exhausted and no consensus is reached, the decisions shall, as a last resort be adopted by a [X] majority

vote of the members present and voting, based on a quorum of two-thirds of the members.

Option 2:

(a) An enforcement branch for developed country Parties and a facilitative branch for developing

country Parties. The Compliance Mechanism may establish technical panels to assist them in their

task.

(b) The role of the enforcement branch is to review compliance with commitments made by developed

country Parties and [the role of the facilitative branch is to facilitate the implementation by

developing countries of enhanced action on mitigation, adaptation, and transparency of action in such

a way that it shall be facilitative, non-punitive and non-adversarial] [those developing country Parties

that have made economy wide quantified emission reduction commitments, with respect to their

commitments on mitigation and support as established under this Agreement].

(c) The enforcement branch may recommend actions that a developed country Party should take to

ensure it fulfills its commitments under this Agreement.

(d) The role of the facilitative branch is to review the implementation of the national determined

mitigation commitment made by developing country Parties and to assist them in finding ways to

incentivise their efforts to meet these commitments.

Option 3:

a compliance branch and an implementation forum [, each with equitable and balanced representation of

Parties]. The members of the Committee shall have competence in a field relevant to this Agreement and

reflect an appropriate balance of expertise.

Option 4:

A compliance mechanism to address cases of non-compliance of the commitments of developed county

Parties on mitigation, adaptation, provision of finance, technology development and transfer and

capacity-building and transparency of action and support.

A facilitative mechanism to facilitate implementation by developing country Parties for enhanced action on

mitigation, adaptation and transparency of action.

5. (Triggers)

Option 1:

The Committee may consider issues on the basis of:

(a) Written submissions from any Party [or group of Parties] with respect to [itself][its own or other

Parties' compliance with or implementation of the provisions of the Agreement];

(b) Reports [by Parties in accordance with Article X of this Agreement][ and questions of

implementation arising from the transparency and accountability system under Article [9]][reports

from Technical Expert (Review) teams]; or

(c) Information derived from Annex [X] with regard to a situation where a Party fails to communicate

and inscribe its NDMC[; and

(d) Requests from the CMA].

Option 2:

No text on triggers

6. (Consequences)

Option 1:

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

27 of 51

Where it has determined that a Party is not in compliance, [the Compliance Branch] shall apply the following

consequences, taking into account the cause, type, degree and frequency of the non-compliance of that Party

and pay attention to the respective national capabilities and circumstances of Parties as appropriate:

(a) Declaration of non-compliance; and

(b) Request of the development of a compliance action plan. Option 2:

The measures to be adopted by the CMA shall range from offering advice and assistance to the issuance of a

statement of concern][to [be applied or actions to be taken to] [facilitate implementation][and [address cases

of non-compliance][promote compliance]].

Option 3:

No text on consequences

7. (Relationship to the CMA) [The Compliance Mechanism shall report annually to the CMA and shall operate

under modalities and procedures agreed by the CMA at its first session] [The

[process][mechanism][Committee] [, including the Committee] shall be under the authority of and report

annually to the CMA]. [It shall elaborate its rules of procedure which shall be subject to approval by the

second session of the CMA.]

Option II:

An International Tribunal of Climate Justice as is hereby established to address cases of non-compliance of

the commitments of developed country Parties on mitigation, adaptation, provision of finance, technology

development and transfer and, capacity-building, and transparency of action and support, including through

the development of an indicative list of consequences, taking into account the cause, type, degree and

frequency of non-compliance.

Option III:

No reference to facilitating implementation and compliance (no Article 11)

Article 12 (CMA)

1. The Conference of the Parties, the supreme body of the Convention, shall serve as the meeting of the Parties

to this Agreement.

2. Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Agreement may participate as observers in the

proceedings of any session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this

Agreement. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement,

decisions under this Agreement shall be taken only by those that are Parties to this Agreement.

3. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement, any member of the

Bureau of the Conference of the Parties representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a Party to

this Agreement, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from among Parties to this

Agreement.

4. The CMA shall keep under regular review the implementation of this Agreement and shall make within its

mandate the decisions necessary to promote its effective implementation. It shall perform the functions

assigned to it by this Agreement and shall:

(a) Establish such subsidiary bodies as deemed necessary for the implementation of this Agreement;

(b) Option 1: Adopt its own rules of procedure at its first session;

Option 2: The rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties shall be applied mutatis mutandis

under this Agreement, except as may be otherwise decided by consensus by the CMA;

(c) Option 1: Exercise such other functions as may be required for the implementation of this

Agreement.

Option 2: Exercise the following functions:

i. [Periodical examination of obligation of Parties to the agreement;]

ii. [Promote and facilitate exchange of information;]

iii. [Facilitate the coordination of measures adopted by them to address climate change and its

effects, taking into account the differing circumstances, responsibilities and capabilities of

the Parties and their respective commitments].

5. The financial procedures applied under the Convention shall be applied mutatis mutandis under this

Agreement, except as may be otherwise decided by consensus by the CMA.

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

28 of 51

6. The first session of the CMA shall be convened by the secretariat in conjunction with the first session of the

Conference of the Parties that is scheduled after the date of entry into force of this Agreement. Subsequent

ordinary sessions of the CMA shall be held in conjunction with ordinary sessions of the COP, unless

otherwise decided by the CMA.

7. Extraordinary sessions of the CMA shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the

CMA or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being

communicated to the Parties by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties.

8. The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency, as well as any

State member thereof or observers thereto not party to the Convention, may be represented at sessions of the

CMA as observers. Any body or agency, whether national or international, governmental or

non-governmental, which is qualified in matters covered by this Agreement and which has informed the

secretariat of its wish to be represented at a session of the CMA as an observer, may be so admitted unless at

least one third of the Parties present object. The admission and participation of observers shall be subject to

the rules of procedure referred to in paragraph 4(b) of this Article.

Article 13 (SECRETARIAT)

1. The secretariat established by Article 8 of the Convention shall serve as the secretariat of this Agreement.

2. Article 8, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the functions of the secretariat, and Article 8, paragraph 3, of the

Convention on arrangements made for the functioning of the secretariat shall apply mutatis mutandis to this

Agreement. The secretariat shall, in addition, exercise the functions assigned to it under this Agreement and

by the CMA.

Article 14 (SBSTA AND SBI)

1. The Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation

(SBI) established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention shall serve, respectively, as the Subsidiary Body for

Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Agreement. The

provisions of the Convention relating to the functioning of these two bodies shall apply mutatis mutandis to

this Agreement. Sessions of the meetings of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice

and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Agreement shall be held in conjunction with the

meetings of, respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary

Body for Implementation of the Convention.

2. Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Agreement may participate as observers in the

proceedings of any session of the subsidiary bodies. When the subsidiary bodies serve as the subsidiary

bodies of this Agreement, decisions under this Agreement shall be taken only by those that are Parties to this

Agreement.

3. When the subsidiary bodies established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention exercise their functions with

regard to matters concerning this Agreement, any member of the bureaux of those subsidiary bodies

representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a Party to this Agreement, shall be replaced by an

additional member to be elected by and from among the Parties to this Agreement.

Article 15 (BODIES AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS TO SER VE AGREEMENT)

1. Subsidiary bodies or other institutional arrangements [and mechanisms] established by or under the

Convention, in addition to those subsidiary bodies and institutional arrangements explicitly referred to in this

Agreement, [shall] [may] serve this Agreement [unless otherwise decided by the CMA] [[upon a decision of

the CMA]. [Such decision shall specify the functions to be exercised by such bodies or arrangements]].

2. The CMA may provide further guidance to those subsidiary bodies and institutional arrangements [including

the functions to be exercised by such bodies and institutional arrangements] [including for members of such

bodies and institutional arrangements nominated by Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this

Agreement] [to the extent that these bodies and institutional arrangements serve this Agreement].

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

29 of 51

Article 16 (SIGNATURE AND INSTRUMENTS OF RATIFICATION, ACCEPTANCE, APPROVAL OR ACCESSSION)

1. This Agreement shall be open for signature and subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States and

regional economic integration organizations that are Parties to the Convention. It shall be open for signature

at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, the United States of America, from 22 April 2016 to 21

April 2017. Thereafter, the Agreement shall be open for accession from the day following the date on which

it is closed for signature. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited

with the Depositary;

2. Any regional economic integration organization that becomes a Party to this Agreement without any of its

member States being a Party shall be bound by all the obligations under this Agreement. In the case of

regional economic integration organizations with one or more member States that are Parties to this

Agreement, the organization and its member States shall decide on their respective responsibilities for the

performance of their obligations under this Agreement. In such cases, the organization and the member States

shall not be entitled to exercise rights under this Agreement concurrently.

3. In their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, regional economic integration organizations

shall declare the extent of their competence with respect to the matters governed by this Agreement. These

organizations shall also inform the Depositary, who shall in turn inform the Parties, of any substantial

modification in the extent of their competence.

Article 17 (FURTHER REQUIREMENTS AND DECISION-MAKING RIGHTS)

Option I:

1. [A Party to the Convention shall [submit] [communicate] to the secretariat when it deposits its instrument

of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession a nationally determined [mitigation] [contribution]

[commitment] [in accordance with Article 2bis of this Agreement] in order to become Party to the

Agreement. [The nationally determined [mitigation] [contribution] [commitment] shall be legally binding

on that Party upon entry into force of this Agreement for that Party.]

2. [A Party shall have a current [mitigation] [contribution] [commitment] [in accordance with Article 2bis of

this Agreement] in order for it to participate in decision making under this Agreement.]]

Option II:

[No further requirement needed]

Article 18 (ENTRYINTO FORCE)

1. This Agreement shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date on which at least [X] number of

Parties to the Convention [and] [or] on which Parties to the Convention accounting for [x] percent of total

[net] global greenhouse gas emissions in [[date][1990][2000][2010][2012]] have deposited their instruments

of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession [whichever occurs first, coming into effect not earlier than 1

January 2020][.][, with such Parties to the Convention accounting for X per cent of total [net] global

greenhouse gas emissions [in [date] [1990][2000][2010][2012]] [but not earlier than 1 January 2020].]

[placeholder for starting and ending date of the Agreement]

2. [For the purposes of paragraph 1 of this Article, "total global [net] greenhouse gas emissions" [of such

Parties] means the [total global [net anthropogenic] greenhouse gas emissions [and removals] as estimated by

the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in its Fifth Assessment Report][most up-to-date amount

communicated on or before the date of adoption of this Agreement by the Parties to the Convention either in

their national communications submitted in accordance with Article 12 of the Convention or in their biennial

reports or biennial update reports submitted in accordance with decision 1/CP.16 of the Conference of the

Parties].]

3. For each State or regional economic integration organization that ratifies, accepts or approves this Agreement

or accedes thereto after its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article, this Agreement

shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of deposit by such State or regional economic

integration organization of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.

4. For the purposes of paragraph 1 of this Article, any instrument deposited by a regional economic integration

organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by its member States.

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

30 of 51

Article 19 (AMENDMENTS)

1. The provisions of Article 15 of the Convention on the adoption of amendments to the Convention shall apply

mutatis mutandis to this Agreement.

2. [Notwithstanding Article 19, paragraph 1, above a Party may propose an adjustment [[to] [enhance] the

efforts expressed by its [mitigation commitment] inscribed in] Annex [A or B]

[or] [X] to this Agreement. A proposal for such an adjustment shall be communicated to the Parties by the

secretariat at least three months before the CMA at which it is proposed for adoption.]

3. [An adjustment proposed by a Party [to enhance] the efforts expressed by its [mitigation commitment] inscribed in

Annex [A or B] [or] [X] to this Agreement shall be considered adopted by the CMA unless more than three

fourths of the Parties present and voting object to its adoption. The adopted adjustment shall be

communicated by the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall circulate it to all Parties, and shall enter into

force on 1 January of the year following the communication by the Depositary. Such adjustments shall be

binding upon Parties.]

Article 20 (ANNEXES)

1. Annexes to this Agreement shall form an integral part thereof and, unless otherwise expressly provided for, a

reference to this Agreement constitutes at the same time a reference to any annexes thereto. Such annexes

shall be restricted to lists, forms and any other material of a descriptive nature that is of a scientific, technical,

procedural or administrative character.

2. The provisions of Article 16 of the Convention on the adoption and amendment of annexes to the Convention

shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Agreement[, except in respect of the annex containing national

determined mitigation commitments].

Article 21 (SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES)

The provisions of Article 14 of the Convention on settlement of disputes shall apply mutatis mutandis to this

Agreement.

Article 22 (VOTING)

1. Each Party shall have one vote, except as provided in paragraph 2 of this Article.

2. Regional economic integration organizations, in matters within their competence, shall exercise their right to

vote with a number of votes equal to the number of their member States that are Parties to this Agreement.

Such an organization shall not exercise its right to vote if any of its member States exercises its right, and vice

versa.

3. [Without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 15 of the Convention, the Parties shall make

every effort to reach agreement on all matters by consensus. If such efforts to reach consensus have been

exhausted and no agreement has been reached, a decision shall, as a last resort, be adopted by a three-fourths

majority vote of the Parties present and voting.]

4. [For the purpose of this Article, 'Parties present and voting' means Parties present and casting an affirmative

or negative vote.]

Article 23 (DEPOSITARY)

The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the Depositary of this Agreement.

Article 24 (RESERVATIONS)

No reservations may be made to this Agreement. [Placeholder for further text on reservation]

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

31 of 51

Article 25 (WITHDRAWAL)

1. At any time after three years from the date on which this Agreement has entered into force for a Party, that

Party may withdraw from this Agreement by giving written notification to the Depositary.

2. Any such withdrawal shall take effect upon expiry of [one year from the date of receipt by the Depositary of

the notification of withdrawal][the then current mitigation commitment of that Party, the Party having

discharged itself from all duties connected to this commitment], or on such later date as may be specified in

the notification of withdrawal.

3. Any Party that withdraws from the Convention shall be considered as also having withdrawn from this

Agreement.

Article 26 (LANGUAGES)

The original of this Agreement, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are

equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

[Placeholder for annexes] ]

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

32 of 51

B. DRAFT DECISION13

[ The Conference of the Parties,

Pp1 Recalling decision 1/CP.17 on the establishment of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for

Enhanced Action,

Pp2 Also recalling decisions 2/CP.18, 1/CP.19, and 1/CP.20,

Pp3 Welcoming the outcome of the "Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development," in

particular its goal 13, and the outcome of the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International

Conference on Financing for Development,

Pp4 Recognizing that climate change represents an urgent and potentially irreversible threat to human societies

and the planet and thus requires the widest possible cooperation by all countries and their participation in an

effective and appropriate international response, with a view to accelerating the reduction of global

greenhouse gas emissions and recognizing that deep cuts in global emissions will be required to achieve the

ultimate objective of the Convention and emphasizing the need for urgency to address climate change,

Emphasizing the importance of respecting and taking into account human rights, gender equality, the rights

of indigenous peoples, intergenerational concerns, and the needs of particularly vulnerable groups, including

women, children and persons with disabilities, when taking action to address climate change, as well as of

aligning actions with the goal of promoting food security, restoration of degraded lands, national health

policies, participation in environmental decision-making by civil society and individuals, and a just transition

of the workforce and creation of decent work and quality jobs in accordance with nationally defined

development priorities and strategies;

I. ADOPTION OF THE [PARIS AGREEMENT] [PARIS IMPLEMENTING AGREEMENT UNDER

THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE]

1. Decides to adopt the [Paris Implementing] Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on

Climate Change (UNFCCC), hereinafter referred to as the Agreement, contained in the annex;

2. Requests the Secretary-General of the United Nations to be the Depositary of the Agreement and to have it

open for signature in New York, the United States of America, from [22 April 2016] to [21 April 2017];

3. Invites the Secretary-General to convene a high-level signature ceremony for the Agreement in early 2016;

4. Also invites all Parties to the Convention to sign the Agreement at the ceremony to be convened by the

Secretary-General, or at their earliest opportunity, and to deposit their respective instruments of ratification,

acceptance or approval, or instruments of accession, where appropriate, as soon as possible;

5. [Recognizes that Parties to the Convention [may provisionally] apply [all of the provisions of] the Agreement

pending its entry into force, and requests Parties to provide notification of any such provisional application to

the Depositary;]

Option 1 (paras 6-9bis):

6. Notes that the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) in

accordance with decision 1/CP.17, paragraph 4, has been completed and decides that it is therefore

terminated;

7. Decides to establish an Intergovernmental Preparatory Committee (IPC) to prepare for the entry into force of

the Agreement and the convening of the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting

of the Parties to this Agreement (CMA);

8. Decides to oversee the implementation of the work programme resulting from the relevant requests contained

in section[s] III [and IV] of this decision [in a balanced manner, inter alia, on mitigation adaptation, finance,

technology development and transfer, capacity-building, and transparency of action and support, to facilitate

the entry into force of the Agreement and to complete its work by 2020] [and authorizes the IPC to guide the

work of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), the Subsidiary Body for

13 The Parties noted that they did not have a complete reading of the decision text and that therefore the discussion

of the text in question will be without prejudice to Parties’ positions.

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

33 of 51

Implementation (SBI) and other Convention bodies in relation to the work programme, where appropriate, in

accordance with their respective mandates];

9. Requests the IPC to report regularly to the COP on the progress of its work;

9bis. Decides that the IPC shall hold its first session of 2016 in conjunction with the first session of the SBSTA and

SBI in 2016 to organize its work on the implementation of the work programme referred to in paragraph 7-9

above and to prepare draft decisions to be recommended by the COP to the CMA for consideration and

adoption at its first session;

Option 2 (paras 6-9bis):

6. Notes that the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) in

accordance with decision 1/CP.17, paragraph 4, has been completed and decides that the ADP shall continue

under the mandate contained in paragraphs 7-9 below;

7. Requests the ADP to prepare for the entry into force of the Agreement and the convening of the first session

of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Agreement (CMA) and to conduct

this work;

8. Decides to oversee the implementation of the work programme resulting from the relevant requests contained

in section[s] III [and IV] of this decision [in a balanced manner, inter alia, on mitigation adaptation, finance,

technology development and transfer, capacity-building, and transparency of action and support, to facilitate

the entry into force of the Agreement and to complete its work by 2020] [and authorizes the ADP to guide the

work of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), the Subsidiary Body for

Implementation (SBI) and other Convention bodies in relation to the work programme, where appropriate, in

accordance with their respective mandates];

9. Requests the ADP to report regularly to the COP on the progress of its work;

9bis. Decides that the ADP shall hold its first session of 2016 in conjunction with the first session of the SBSTA and

SBI in 2016 to organize its work on the implementation of the work programme referred to in paragraph 7-9

above and to prepare draft decisions to be recommended by the COP to the CMA for consideration and

adoption at its first session;

Option 3 (paras 6-9bis):

6. Notes that, in accordance with decision 1/CP.17, paragraph 4, the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the

Durban Platform for Enhanced Action has been completed and decides that it is therefore terminated;

7. Requests the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) and the Subsidiary Body for

Implementation (SBI) to prepare for the entry into force of the Agreement and the convening of the first

session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Agreement (CMA);

8. Decides to oversee the implementation of the work programme resulting from the relevant requests contained

in section[s] III [and IV] of this decision [in a balanced manner, inter alia, on mitigation adaptation, finance,

technology development and transfer, and capacity-building, and transparency of action and support, to

facilitate the entry into force and complete its work by 2020];

9. Requests the SBSTA and the SBI to report regularly to the COP on the progress of their work;

9bis. Also requests that the SBSTA and the SBI at their first session in 2016 organize their work on the

implementation of the work programme referred to in paragraph 7-9 above and in order to prepare draft

decisions to be recommended by the COP to the CMA for consideration and adoption at its first session;

II. INTENDED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS

10. Welcomes the intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) that have been communicated by Parties

in accordance with decision 1/CP.19, paragraph 2(b);

11. Reiterates its invitation to all Parties that have not yet done so to communicate to the secretariat their INDCs

towards achieving the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2 [as soon as possible and well in

advance of the twenty-second session of the Conference of the Parties][by 1 October 2016] and in a manner

that facilitates the clarity, transparency and understanding of the INDCs;

[11bis Calls on each developed country Party to communicate to the secretariat its INDC on the provision of finance,

technology and capacity-building support including in particular the financial targets and road map for the

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

34 of 51

period 2021-2030, as soon as possible and well in advance of COP 22 (by the first quarter of 2016 by those

developed country Parties ready to do so) in a manner that facilitates the clarity, transparency and

understanding of the INDCs on the provision of support;]

12. Requests the secretariat to continue to publish the INDCs communicated by Parties on the UNFCCC website[,

in particular those on finance, technology and capacity-building support communicated by developed country

Parties referred to in paragraph 11bis above];

13. Reiterates its call to developed country Parties [and Parties with economies in transition in a position to do

so], the operating entities of the Financial Mechanism and any other organizations in a position to do so to

provide support for the preparation and communication of the INDCs of Parties that may need such support;

14. Option 1 : [Requests the SBI to clarify in a facilitative, non-intrusive and consultative manner the information

provided by Parties when communicating their INDCs, which shall report on progress made to the

[ADP][COP] [at its X session][in 2017];]

Option 2: No text.

15. [Takes note of] [Welcomes] the synthesis report on the aggregate effect of INDCs contained in document

FCCC/CP/2015/7 [and notes with concern the gap between the aggregate effect of Parties' INDCs and the

aggregate effect of emissions consistent with having a likely chance of holding the increase in global average

temperature to below 2 °C or 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, as well as their adequacy in fulfilling the

purpose of the Agreement and the relative fair efforts made by Parties in implementing their commitments;

16. Requests the secretariat to update the synthesis report referred to in paragraph 15 above so as to cover the

INDCs communicated by Parties by [1 October 2016] (in particular those on finance, technology and

capacity-building support communicated by developed country Parties referred to in paragraph 11bis above)

and to make it available by [1 November 2016], [and to provide information on the fairness and ambition of

the INDCs and NDCs communicated by Parties];

Option 1 (paras 17—17quinqiues):

17. [Invites] [Strongly urges] all Parties to consider enhancing the ambition of their mitigation efforts [and

adaptation efforts] before they submit their nationally determined [mitigation]

[contribution][commitment][other] [in accordance with the provisions of Article [17] of the Agreement on the

preconditions for joining the Agreement] [, and requests Parties to ensure that there is no backsliding from the

level of mitigation effort in a Party's intended nationally determined contributions when submitting their

nationally determined mitigation commitment];

17bis. Notes that a developing country Party may adjust its INDC when severely affected by an extreme natural event

or force majeure, or when adequate finance, technology development and transfer, or capacity-building

support is not available;

17ter. Decides that the level of effort represented by each Party's nationally determined commitment shall be at least

equal to that communicated through its intended nationally determined commitment;

17quater.Invites developed country Parties to take the lead by enhancing the ambition of their commitments on

mitigation and the provision of finance, technology development and transfer, and capacity-building support

in their INDCs;

17quinquies. Notes that the enhancement of the INDCs of developing country Parties is premised upon the adequacy

of the finance, technology transfer and capacity-building support provided by developed country Parties;

Option 2 (paras 17—17quinqiues): No text;

18. Option 1: [Decides][Invites the President of the COP] to convene a facilitative dialogue among Parties to

take stock of the collective efforts of Parties in [2018][2019] in relation to progress towards the long-term

goal referred to in Article 3, paragraph 1 of the Agreement, and in order to inform the preparation of intended

nationally determined commitments pursuant to Article 3, paragraph 6, of the Agreement;]14

Option 2: No such facilitative dialogue prior to 2020;

Option 3: [Placeholder on provision for updating commitments before entry into force of the Paris

Agreement];

14 This paragraph is similar to paragraph 76 in section IV (workstream 2). Parties may wish to consider whether these paragraphs

overlap, and if so whether to reconcile them.

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

35 of 51

18bis. Requests the IPCC to provide a special report [in 2018] [in 2019] on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C

above pre-industrial levels and the global greenhouse gas emission pathways required to achieve the long-term

temperature goal;

III. DECISIONS TO GIVE EFFECT TO THE AGREEMENT

GENERAL

19. Welcomes the efforts of all actors to address climate change, including those of civil society, the private

sector, financial institutions, cities and other subnational authorities, local communities and indigenous

peoples;

20. Invites the actors referred to in paragraph 19 above to scale up their efforts and support further actions by

Parties to reduce [and/or avoid] emissions and/or to build resilience and decrease vulnerability to the adverse

effects of climate change;

21. Also invites the actors referred to in paragraph 19 above to demonstrate their continued efforts to address

climate change via the Non-State Actor Zone for Climate Action (NAZCA);15

MITIGATION

22. Option 1: [Decides that Parties shall [submit][communicate] their first nationally determined mitigation

[contributions][commitments][other] in accordance with Article 3 of the Agreement;]

Option 2:[Develop modalities to implement the distribution of a global carbon budget based on climate

justice, considering historical responsibilities, ecological footprint, capabilities, and state of development,

and population.]

[22bis. Parties shall, when pursuing all mitigation actions, ensure they are consistent with all relevant obligations,

ensure integrity and resilience of natural ecosystems, and respect customary and sustainable land use

systems.]

23. Also decides that the information to be provided by Parties when communicating their first [and each

successive or resubmitted] nationally determined mitigation [contributions][commitments][other]

[shall][may] include, inter alia[, the information listed in decision 1/CP.20, paragraph 14];

[(a) Quantifiable information on the reference point (including, as appropriate for the type of nationally

determined mitigation commitment/contribution, a base year);

(b) Time frames and/or periods for implementation;

(c) Pools, gasses, and key categories of emissions by sources and removals by sinks included in the

NDMC

(d) Assumptions, metrics, methodological approaches, and key data sources, including those for

projected baselines, if any, and estimating and accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas

emissions and removals;

(e) If they intend to cooperate internationally on mitigation outcomes, a description of the intended use

and how they intend to avoid double-counting;

(f) How the Party considers that its intended nationally determined contribution is fair and ambitious, in

light of its national circumstances, and;

(g) How it contributes towards achieving the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2]

(h) [The base year of base line of the commitment;

(b) Its deviation from base year or base line expressed as a percentage change;

(c) The coverage of the commitment including the anthropogenic GHG emissions and removals by sinks

and the GHG not controlled by the Montreal Protocol that are included.

(d) An estimate of the anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of GHG not controlled

by the Montreal Protocol for the base year of base line;

(e) An identification of where its intends to employ land of activity base accounting for anthropogenic

land use, land use change and forestry categories of activities

15 Available at: <http://climateaction.unfccc. int>.

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

36 of 51

included in its commitment and the reference value for use in accounting for this categories or

activities

(f) The intended use of internationally transferred mitigation outcomes and projected impacts on

nationally determined mitigation commitments.

(g) Parties shall also include and explanation of wider commitment is considered to be a fair and

ambitious

contribution to the below 2°c objective.]

24. Option 1: Acknowledges that Parties may adjust the submission of their first nationally determined

mitigation [contribution][commitment][other] to make them consistent with the rules and guidance for

accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals pursuant to Article 3, paragraph 5, of

the Agreement[,consistent with Article 3, paragraph 3 of the Agreement][, subject to the requirement that

Parties will ensure that there is no backsliding in the level of mitigation effort];

Option 2 - [No text for adjustment, land use and accounting]

25. Requests the [SBI] to develop modalities and procedures for the operation and use of the registry referred to

in Article 3, paragraph 7, of the Agreement, for consideration by the IPC at its [X] session, with a view to the

IPC making a recommendation thereon to the CMA at its first session;

26. Requests the secretariat to make available an interim registry in the first half of 2016 for the recording of

nationally determined mitigation [contributions][commitment][other] submitted in accordance with Article

3 of the Agreement pending the adoption by the CMA of the modalities and procedures referred to in

paragraph 25 above;

27. Recommends that the CMA [consider][decide upon], at its first session, in regard to Article 3, paragraph 4 of

the Agreement, [whether] any additional information [shall][to] be included by Parties when communicating

their nationally determined mitigation [contribution][commitment][[other][and what information shall be

included by Parties when communicating their adaptation [contribution][commitment][other]];

28. Requests the IPC to [consider the information presented by Parties with the communication of their first

NDCs and how to increase the clarity, transparency and understanding of these, in order to] make a

recommendation to the CMA regarding paragraph 27 above;

[28bis Requests the IPC to facilitate the enhancement of the clarity, transparency and understanding of the

successive or [revisited/recommunicated] intended nationally determined mitigation contributions

communicated by Parties well before their finalization by providing Parties the opportunity to consider them

through:

(a) A facilitative dialogue that promotes clarity, transparency and understanding, and

(b) An updated synthesis report on the aggregate effect of nationally determined mitigation

contributions before their finalization.]

[28ter Decides that each Party shall communicate a successive or [revisited/recommunicated] intended nationally

determined contribution well before [the CMA in 2021];]

29. Decides, in relation to Parties, including regional economic integration organizations, implementing their

nationally determined [contributions][commitments][other] jointly under Article 3, paragraph 8, of the

Agreement that:

(a) Parties, including regional economic integration organizations, that have reached an agreement to

implement their nationally determined mitigation [contributions][commitments][other] jointly shall

notify the secretariat of the terms of such an agreement on the date of deposit of their instruments of

ratification, acceptance or approval of this Agreement, or accession thereto;

(b) The secretariat shall inform the Parties to this Agreement [and Parties to the Convention] of the terms

of the agreement to implement jointly referred to in paragraph 29(a) above;

(c) Any alteration to the composition of the Parties, including regional economic integration

organizations, implementing jointly shall not affect any then current nationally determined

mitigation [contribution(s)][commitment(s)][other] and shall become applicable for the purposes of

this Agreement for the next nationally determined mitigation [contribution][commitment][other]

submitted by that organization, by Parties implementing jointly with Parties that have become

members of that organization, or by Parties implementing jointly;

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

37 of 51

[29bis. Also decides that the IPC, for consideration and adoption by the CMA at its first session, shall develop

principles and guidelines for all actions in the land sector that:

(a) Ensure integrity and resilience of natural ecosystems;

(b) Respect customary and sustainable land use systems and security of indigenous peoples'

and local communities' land tenure;

(c) Are undertaken in an equitable, transparent and participatory manner;

(d) Ensure food security; and

(e) Are consistent with all relevant international obligations.]

30. [[Option 1: [Recognizing the importance of environmental integrity, transparency, accuracy, completeness,

comparability, consistency, and of avoiding double counting] Also decides [that the rules and guidance for

accounting [of action and support] referred to in Article 3, paragraph 5[,and Article 9, paragraphs 4] of the

Agreement, for consideration and adoption by the CMA at its first session, should ensure that]:

(a) [Each Party shall] [Parties] ensure methodological consistency [between the communication of

nationally determined mitigation [contributions][commitments][other] and their

implementation][throughout each implementation term and when tracking progress towards the

achievement of its nationally determined mitigation [commitment][contribution]];

(b) [Each Party shall] [Parties] include an explanation for the exclusion from their nationally determined

mitigation [contribution][commitment][other] of any key categories of emissions and removals, and

strive to include these over time;

(c) Parties, once a source, sink or activity is accounted for in a nationally determined mitigation

[contribution][commitment][other], continue to include it or provide an explanation of why it has

been excluded [and an assessment that such exclusion has on its fulfilment of the nationally

determined mitigation [contribution][commitment][other]];

(c bis) [Each Party shall:

(i) to the extent that they use baselines, maintain them unchanged during implementation,

except for technical corrections, and

(ii) to the extent that they use projected baselines, reflect emissions and removals that would

be expected without additional action].

(d) Parties use common metrics and methodologies adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change (IPCC) for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions and removals;

(d bis) [Each Party shall account for both anthropogenic emissions and removals, and may exclude non

anthropogenic and legacy effects]. [move a)-d) to agreement]

(e) [Internationally transferred mitigation outcomes used by any Party to meet its nationally determined

mitigation [contribution][commitment][other] [will avoid double counting and]are supplemental to

domestic action;](AILAC propose to delete para here, insert at Article 3.5 of agreement)]

(f) [The use of internationally transferred mitigation outcomes is on the basis of an equivalent

adjustment by both the transferring Party and the acquiring Party].

(g) [The use of realistic and meaningful reference values, based on historical and actual data or

projections consistent with long term trends in historical emissions, building where appropriate on

approaches established under the Convention and its instruments. In case of any changes to reference

values, Parties shall provide an explanation of the change].

[Option 2: No provision on international transfer of mitigation outcomes.][no text]

30bis. Recognizes existing methodologies and approaches with regard to accounting established under the

Convention for REDD+ be suitable for assessing fulfilment of nationally determined mitigation

[contribution][commitment][other], in accordance with Article 3, paragraph5, of the Agreement; (the

insertion of 30bis will require the deletion of 32)]

31. Option 1: [Requests the SBSTA to develop [additional] methodologies and approaches[, where needed and

appropriate,] with regard to accounting in accordance with Article 3, paragraph 5, of the Agreement [and

paragraph 30 above], for consideration by the [IPC][CMA] at its [[X]][second] session;]

Option 2: [no text]

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

38 of 51

31bis. [Requests the SBSTA to elaborate accounting guidance for Parties which engage in international transfers of

mitigation outcomes to avoid double counting of effort, and guidance that would enable such Parties to

demonstrate that mitigation outcomes are real, permanent, additional and verified, for consideration by the

IPC at its [X] session and adoption by the CMA at its first session].

31ter. [Requests the SBSTA to develop methodologies and approaches with regard to accounting in accordance with

Article 3, paragraph 5, of the Agreement and paragraph 30 above, for consideration by the IPC at its [X]

session in 2016; such guidance shall not apply retrospectively to Parties' NDMCs].

32. [Also requests the IPC to elaborate the methodologies and approaches [, where needed and appropriate,] for

accounting referred to in paragraph 31 above, taking into account the methodologies and approaches

developed by the SBSTA, with a view to the [IPC][CMA] making recommendations thereon to the CMA at

its first session;](deletion of para 32)

Option 2: [no text]

32bis. Requests the SBSTA

a) Pursuant to decision 1/CP. 17, to review the guidelines for International Assessment and Review (IAR) in

2016,together with guidelines for biennial reports, and in 2017, to review the guidelines for International

Consultation and Analysis (ICA), together with the guidelines for biennial update reports, and to report on

progress and recommend any revisions to the guidelines for adoption by the COP at its 23rd session (2017);

b) Informed by the process in sub-para a) above and any further guidance by the COP, develop a common

framework for transparency of action and support, building on and further improving existing processes,

including those for mitigation commitments, adaptation components of INDCs and undertakings on

adaptation; and provision of support provided and received , as well as means of assessment against the

long-term goal for mitigation, global goal for adaptation and the aggregate scale of finance, with a view to

recommending a decision to the COP at its 25th

session (2019).

32ter. Requests the SBSTA pursuant to decision.1/CP.18 and building on the work on methodologies for finance, to

develop accounting for the provision of support over time, enhancing the common tabular format for biennial

reports and the methodology for reporting by developed countries on support provided and enhancing

reporting by developing countries [,including those Parties whose special circumstances are recognized by

the COP decisions] on support received, taking into account the imperative to avoid double and multiple

counting, as well as means of assessment against the aggregate goal for finance by developed countries, with

a view to recommending a decision to the COP at its 25th session (2019);

33. [Option1: [Provision on response measures.][Parties decide to establish a cooperative mechanism by COP

xx to address the specific needs and concerns of developing country Parties [,including those Parties whose

special circumstances are recognized by the COP decisions] arising from the impacts of the implementation

of response measures, by building on the work of the forum to develop a specific work program to be

undertaken by the mechanism that shall be implemented with the view of recommending specific tools,

actions and programs to address the impacts and the implementation gaps to avoid and minimize adverse

effects on developing country Parties [,including those Parties whose special circumstances are recognized

by the COP decisions].[Unilateral measures shall not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable

discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade].[Parties strengthen existing arrangements by

establishing a cooperative mechanism (platform) under the Convention to manage the transition to low

greenhouse gas pathways, which would identify and then measure the impacts and which would use existing

tools as much as possible and further develop tools to address identified gaps and ensure their

operationalization. The governing body shall develop and adopt modalities for a permanent forum under the

Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA)]].

[Option 2: no provision on response measures.]

34. [Option 1:

[Recommends that the CMA at its first session consider establishing a] [A multi window] mechanism [is

hereby established] to support [low emissions development pathways][sustainable development] to be

available to assist Parties in fulfilling their nationally determined mitigation [contributions][commitments]

[other]. This mechanism would be under the authority and guidance of the CMA and be supervised by a body

designated by the CMA, and would aim to:

(a) E[Meet and]enhance mitigation ambition and the mobilization of financing for climate action;

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

39 of 51

(b) Incentivize and enable participation in cost-effective mitigation action by public and private entities

acting under the responsibility of a Party;

[(c) Fully respect mitigation contributions of participating Parties to ensure that global mitigation effort is

not undermined];

Requests the SBSTA to elaborate modalities and procedures for the mechanism [for sustainable

development] referred to in paragraph 34 above and report to the [IPC] [CMA] at its [X] session [with a view

to the IPC making recommendations,] for consideration and adoption [by the CMA] at its first session, that

inter alia:

(a) Provide, where desired by the participating Parties, for the creation and issuance of real, permanent,

additional and verified mitigation outcomes that [fully respect nationally determined commitments

of the host Party and that] may be used to meet nationally determined [contributions]

[commitments][other] in a manner that is supplementary to domestic action, is consistent with the

rules and guidance for accounting, [and provides for a share of proceeds for adaptation];

(b) Deliver, where desired by participating Parties, a net [decrease] [contribution to mitigation over and

above the current NDCs of the Parties participating] [or avoidance of emissions] [ as well as a net

increase in removals corresponding to a net C stock increase];

(c) [Build][Acknowledge)] [on] [experience from] the [lessons learned from implementation of the]

[flexible] mechanism[s] [defined in [Article 12] of the Kyoto Protocol and related decisions of the

Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol] ][and work

undertaken in the context of the review of these mechanisms] [already established under the

Convention];](delete, move to Agreement as modified)

[(d) Use appropriate baselines that may be based on programmatic or sectoral approaches.]

[Option 2: Recommends that the CMA at its first session consider establishing a mechanism to support

holistic and integrated approaches to sustainable development in harmony with nature to be available to

assist developing country Parties in fulfilling their nationally determined [contributions][commitments]

[other] including in a balanced manner mitigation, adaptation, provision of finance, technology transfer and

capacity. This mechanism would be under the authority and guidance of the CMA and be supervised by a

body designated by the CMA, and would aim to:

(a) Enhance mitigation and adaptation ambition and the provision of public financing, technology transfer

and capacity building in an integrated manner for climate action;

(b) Enhance non market-based approaches and enable participation in joint mitigation and adaptation

action by public and private entities acting under the responsibility of a Party;

(c) Support the implementation of the joint mitigation and adaptation approach for the integral and

sustainable management of forests as an alternative policy approach to results - based payments.

Requests the SBSTA to elaborate modalities and procedures for the mechanism for sustainable development

referred to in paragraph 34 above and report to the IPC at its [X] session with a view to the IPC making

recommendations, for consideration and adoption by the CMA at its first session, that inter alia:

(a) Provide, where desired by the participating Parties, for achievement of real, permanent, additional and

verified mitigation and adaptation outcomes to meet conditional nationally determined [contributions]

[commitments][other] consistent with the rules and of the COP.]

[Option 3: No text on this mechanism;]

ADAPTATION

35. [Decides that the activities referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Agreement should:

(a) Not be prescriptive or result in the duplication of efforts;

(b) Facilitate country-owned and country-driven action;

(c) Involve and facilitate the participation of relevant stakeholders, in particular women[, local

communities] and indigenous peoples, in planning, decision-making, and monitoring and

evaluation, and give priority to the poorest and most vulnerable communities and people;

(d) Be participatory and inclusive, building on existing community-driven and traditional adaptation

efforts[, in all interested developing countries, in particular in the least developed countries, small

island developing States and countries in Africa][, recognizing the urgent and immediate needs and

special circumstances of developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly

vulnerable];

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

40 of 51

(e) Promote climate resilience and sustainable development trajectories;

(f) Option 1: [Not be a prerequisite for financial, technological or capacity-building support for

adaptation actions];

Option 2: [should facilitate access to financial, technological, and capacity-building support for

adaptation action, without being a prerequisite]].

36. [Requests the [SBSTA][AC][LEG] to develop modalities and procedures to assist developing countries to

assess their adaptation needs without placing an undue burden on them, [taking into account the urgent needs

of those developing countries that are particularly vulnerable,] through existing mechanisms under the

Convention.]

37. [Requests the [SBI][AC][SCF][LEG] to develop methodologies for taking the steps necessary to ensure that

the level of support meets the needs for adaptation in developing countries in the context of the limit to global

average temperature increase referred to in Article 3 of this agreement, and make recommendations for

adoption by the Conference of the Parties at its [X] session.]

38. [Requests the [AC][SBSTA][SCF][LEG] to develop methodologies and approaches to recognize the

adaptation efforts of developing countries to respond to climate change.]

39. [ Requests the operating entities of the financial mechanism of the convention and developed country Parties

country parties to provide financial support for undertaking the adaptation needs assessments referred to in

paragraph 36 above.]

40. [Requests the Adaptation Committee to:

(a) Review the work of the adaptation-related institutional arrangements under the Convention in 2017, to

ensure and enhance the coherence of their work, and prepare recommendation for consideration at

COP 23, and to identify improvements in the articulation of these arrangements in order to respond

effectively to the needs of Parties, for consideration of the COP and the IPC by their 23rd and second

sessions, respectively;

(b) Establish and maintain stronger linkages with the GCF, [taking into account the balanced 50:50

approach of the allocation of financing between mitigation and adaptation,] the AF, and other funds;

(c) Evaluate information on finance, technology, and capacity-building support for adaptation;

(d) Provide recommendations on existing methodologies for adaptation;

(e) Take such other actions as may be appropriate to enhance and support via finance, technology

transfer, and capacity-building for adaptation efforts;

(f) Identify, as outlined in Article 4, paragraph [X] of the agreement, the implications of the aggregate

mitigation effort for projected regional impacts on the basis of the best available science, with the

aim of assisting developing countries particularly vulnerable to adverse effects of climate change,

including LDCs, SIDs, and Africa with:

(i) National adaptation planning;

(ii) Identification of gaps in capacities and knowledge in the light of projected impacts;

(iii) Development of strategies to address projected impact.]

41. [Decides that the Adaptation Committee shall report annually to the CMA on priority areas of concern for

regions.]

42. Option 1: Requests the [SBSTA][SBI][AC [and the LEG]] to develop modalities and procedures for the

operation of the [registry] [other modality] referred to in Article 4, paragraph 9 of the Agreement with a view

to making recommendations to the [IPC][CMP][CMA] at its [second][first] session.

Option 2: no text (linked to option [X] in the agreement).

43. [Requests the GCF to establish programs for expedited support for the LDCs for the formulation of NAPs as

defined in decision 1/CP.16 and 5/CP.17, and the subsequent implementation of policies, projects and

programs identified by them.]

44. Option 1: [Requests the secretariat to make available an interim registry in the first half of 2016 for the

recording of [adaptation communications][communications on adaptation], in accordance with Article 4 of

the Agreement, [such as plans, priorities, needs, actions and/or contributions] pending the adoption by the

CMA of the modalities and procedures referred to in paragraph 36 above;]

Option 2: no text (linked to option [X] in the agreement)

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

41 of 51

45. [Requests the [AC][LEG][SBSTA][SBI] to [record][compile] priorities and needs communicated by Parties

as established in Article 4, paragraph 7 of the Agreement with a view to the IPC making a recommendation

to the CMA/CMP at its first session.]

46. [Establishes a technical and knowledge platform under [the AC and building upon] the Nairobi work

programme on impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in order to[, inter alia][facilitate]:

(a) Disseminate and enhance the use of climate change scenarios and of methods and tools for assessing

impacts and vulnerability, as well as information on the [outcomes and effectiveness of

adaptation][adaptation benefits, practices and outcomes; in line with Article 4.1 (g) and 5 of the

Convention];

(b) Develop and strengthen [global,] regional, national and local capacities, as well as social capacities,

to address adaptation concerns [and to use adaptation metrics];

(c) Promote, coordinate and strengthen adaptation knowledge platforms, centres and networks at all

levels in order to fill adaptation knowledge gaps;

(d) [Scale up adaptation benefits, practices and outcomes;]

(e) Incorporate the sustainable management of ecosystems into adaptation planning and actions;

(f) Enhance the understanding of the [global][international][and regional] implications of adaptation

actions, of interlinkages among local, national, [regional] and [global][international]

adaptation actions[, and of progress made in reducing vulnerability at all levels and in achieving the

[global goal for adaptation] [Article 2, paragraph 2 and Article 4, paragraph 1 of the Agreement];

(g)[Enhance regional cooperation to foster adaptation actions.]

47. [Requests the Adaptation Committee to operationalize the technical and knowledge platform referred to in

paragraph 38 above [and where possible, build on existing work and processes to strengthen coherence];]

48. [Requests the SBI and SBSTA to review, by 2016, the institutional arrangements for adaptation under the

Convention, encompassing the Cancun Adaptation Framework, the Adaptation Committee, the Nairobi work

programme, and the LEG, to enhance the coherence and effectiveness of their work in light of Article 4 of the

agreement.]

49. Invites all relevant United Nations institutions and international, regional and national financial institutions

to provide information to Parties through the UNFCCC secretariat on how their [development

assistance][climate finance] programmes and finance incorporate climate-proofing and climate resilience

measures;

50. [Requests Parties to strengthen regional cooperation on adaptation where appropriate and, where necessary,

establish regional centres and networks, in particular in developing countries, with support from developed

country Parties as previously agreed to in 1/CP.16 paragraph 13.]

51. Requests the [IPC][COP][AC][LEG] to prepare a recommendation [including modalities to streamline and

simplify existing adaptation reporting instruments and mechanisms] to the [CMA] [CMP] regarding Article

4, paragraph 7, of the Agreement;

52. [Also requests the IPC to prepare a recommendation to the CMA regarding Article 4, paragraph 10, of the

Agreement.] ]

LOSS AND DAMAGE

[Option 1

53 Recalls decisions 2/CP.19 and 2/CP.20 on the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated

with Climate Change Impacts;

54. Invites all Parties to reduce the risk of and address loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of

climate change;

55. Encourages all Parties to strengthen early warning systems and comprehensive risk management planning

for both extreme and slow onset events associated with the adverse effects of climate change;

56. Decides that the Warsaw International Mechanism under the Convention, will, following the review in 2016,

continue to serve as the mechanism for loss and damage;

57. Requests the Executive Committee of the Warsaw International Mechanism, which guides the

implementation of the functions of the Warsaw International Mechanism, to develop guidance for a

comprehensive approach to climate risk management;

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

42 of 51

58. Requests the Executive Committee to establish, as part of its work plan, a clearinghouse for risk transfer that

serves as a repository for information on insurance and risk transfer in order to facilitate Parties' efforts to

develop and implement comprehensive risk management strategies;

59. Further requests the Executive Committee to complement, draw upon the work of and involve, as

appropriate, existing bodies and expert groups under the Convention, as well as that of relevant organizations

and expert bodies outside the Convention, to enhance understanding, coordination and cooperation with

regard to displacement, migration and planned relocation in the context of climate change, where

appropriate, at the national, regional and international level;]

[Option 2

53. Encourages Parties to develop early warning systems and risk management plans for both extreme events

and slow onset events and communicate them to the secretariat as part of their national communications, in

accordance with the modalities and procedures to be developed and adopted by the Conference of Parties;

54. Agrees that, as part of its work, the Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage shall develop

guidelines for a comprehensive approach to climate risk management;

55. Establishes a financial technical panel under the Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage

which shall explore approaches for:

(a) Establishing regional and sub-regional pools to support regional and sub-regional risk transfer schemes;

(b) Providing support for microfinance initiatives;

(c) Exploring finance for slow onset events;

56. Decides to develop interim modalities and procedures for the operation of a climate change displacement

coordination facility and which shall:

(a) Assist in developing arrangements for emergency relief;

(b) Assist in providing organized migration and planned relocation;

57. Establishes under the Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage a clearing house for risk

transfer that shall:

(a) Provide a repository for information on insurance and risk transfer;

(b) Assist Parties in developing risk management strategies and finding best insurance schemes;

(c) Facilitate financial support for rehabilitation.]

FINANCE

44. [[Decides that the operating entities of the Financial Mechanism (the Green Climate Fund and the Global

Environment Facility), the Least Developed Country Fund[,] [and] the Special Climate Change Fund [and

the Adaptation Fund] shall serve the Agreement.][Reaffirms that the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the

Global Environmental Facility (GEF) shall serve the Agreement as the operating entities of the Financial

Mechanism. The Least Developed Country Fund and the Special Climate Change Fund administered by the

GEF will continue to serve the agreement.] [The CMA has the authority to modify this list.]] {Substantive

overlap with Article 6paragraph 20 in the agreement section}

45. [The CMA shall provide guidance on the policies, programme priorities, and eligibility criteria for the

Financial Mechanism related to this Agreement. The CMA should consider the special circumstances of

LDCs, SIDS, and African States when providing this guidance. [A developing country Party in need of

support is eligible to receive support from the operating entities of the Financial Mechanism if it has

communicated an NDMC under Article 3 and has submitted timely reports under Article 9.]] {Substantive

overlap with Article 6 paragraph 20 in the agreement section}

46. [Placeholder referring to Article 6paragraph 21 of Agreement text]

47. [Decides to establish a process for the consideration of new and alternative sources of finance beyond

existing bilateral and multilateral sources, in accordance with the terms of reference to be developed by the

COP at its twenty-second session, with a view to the COP taking a decision on this matter at its twenty-third

session;]

48. [Requests the IPC to prepare a recommendation to the CMA regarding the creation of a process, which

should include biennial in-session workshops, to consider progress in relation to the efforts referred to in

Article 6, paragraph 5, of the Agreement;]

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

43 of 51

48 bis. [Decides to create a process, which will include annual in-session workshops, to consider progress in relation

to the efforts of Developed Country Parties and other Parties included in Annex II of the Convention related

to ensuring the balance of the provision of financial resources for adaptation relative to mitigation and in line

with developing countries strategies, priorities and needs and to the efforts to improve adecuacy and

predictability of resources and avoid double counting;]

[Further decides that the process referred to in the paragraph above will asses current procedures for

simplyfing support for developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate

change, including the LDCs, SIDS and Africa;]

[Requests the secretariat to organize and prepare a summary of the anual in-session workshops referred to in

paragraph 48 bis above for consideration by the CMA;]

49. [Also requests the COP presidency to appoint co-chairs of the process referred to in paragraph 48 above, and

requests the co-chairs, with the support of the secretariat, to organize and prepare a summary of the biennial

in-session workshops referred to in paragraph 48 above for consideration by the CMA;]

50. [No provision on market mechanism]

51. [Placeholder for language on thematic funding, including technology development and transfer,

capacity-building, REDD+, JMA, financing for forests, Article 6 of the Convention]

52. [Decides to consider ways to enhance the effectiveness of climate finance;]

53. [[Specification of ex-ante communication referred to in paragraph 10 of the Agreement text]

a) Information to increase clarity on the expected levels of climate finance mobilized from different sources;

b) Information on their policies, programmes and priorities;

c) Information on actions and plans to mobilize additional finance

d) Information on actions to enhance enabling environments in order to mobilize and attract climate finance

from a variety of sources;

e) Information on investment plans to implement nationally determined contributions, including financing

needs to implement an enhanced level of ambition;]

54. [Urges developed country Parties to increase the mobilization of financial resources for climate actions of

developing countries to USD 70 billion in 2016, USD 85 billion in 2018, and leading to achieving the

existing commitment of USD 100 billion in 2020;] {Placementproposal: to be discussed under COP agenda

item on long-term climate finance}

55. [Developed country Parties commit to mobilize at least USD XX billion in finance for adaptation by 2018,

whilst striving to achieve greater balance in finance for mitigation and adaptation, on a grant basis as well as

to develop new and additional sources of finance for adaptation, including the Adapation Fund.] {Placement

proposal: to be discussed under COP agenda item on long-term climate finance}

56. [Decides that the significant share of new multilateral funding for climate change actions should flow

through the Financial Mechanism of the Convention and the Funds established under the Convention and its

Protocol;] {Placement proposal: to be discussed under COP agenda item on long-term climate finance}

57. [Decides that adequate, predictable and sustainable financial resources for the implementation of REDD+

activities, including for results-based payments, shall be provided by Parties pursuing the coordination of

support to, inter alia, public and private sources, including the Green Climate Fund in accordance with

relevant decisions by the COP;]

58. [Decides to support developing country Parties, including through the provision of financial resources, to

determine and report on their financing needs and country programming priorities for the post-2020 period;]

59. [Further decides to establish a process to review the reports of developing countries in light of efforts to

scale up financial support to developing countries in accordance with Article 11.3 (d);]

60. [Ensure that the provision of financial resources, development and transfer of technology and

capacity-building for enhanced climate actions, including for loss and damage, shall be measured, reported

and verified through modalities established under the Convention by the relevant subsidiary bodies of the

Convention. Such modalities shall ensure that there shall be no double counting of financial resources

provided and ensuring the environmental integrity of this agreement.] {Note: substantive discussions with

regard to transparency are taking place with regard to Article 9 of the Agreement}

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

44 of 51

61. [Measurement, reporting and verification of financial resources, including for meeting costs of

adaptation, transfer of technology and capacity-building shall be provided in accordance with Articles

4.3, 4.4 and 4.5, 4.8, and 4.9, in implementation of Article 4.7 of the Convention, as well as financing

provided through the Warsaw Mechanism for Loss and Damage.] {Note: substantive discussions with

regard to transparency are taking place with regard to Article 9 of the Agreement}

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER

48. [Decides to strengthen the technology needs assessment (TNA) process taking into account existing efforts,

including under the Poznan strategic programme on technology transfer, by enhancing:

(a) The implementation of the results of the TNA process through, inter alia, technology action plans and

project proposals;

(a) bis. [The alignment of TNAs more closely with bankable finance projects and] improving

TNAs to result in implementable projects;

(b) The synergy between the TNA process and other arrangements related to the implementation of

mitigation and adaption actions, as appropriate;

(c) The operationalization of decision 18/CP.20 in the TNA process towards achieving

gender-responsive climate policy in all relevant activities under the Convention];*

* This paragraph will be finalized in light of any relevant decision of COP 21 on strengthening the TNA

process.

49. [Requests the Technology Executive Committee (TEC) to elaborate the means of strengthening the TNA

process referred to in paragraph 48 above taking into account ongoing work relating to this matter, for

consideration and adoption by the COP at its twenty-third session;]

49bis. [The Technology Mechanism of the Convention including the TEC and Climate Technology Centre and

Network (CTCN) shall be strengthened/augmented in order to effectively anchor technology development

through dedicated nodal research, development and demonstration platform having appropriate human

resources, infrastructure and facilities. To achieve this, an expert committee shall be constituted to assess the

capacity and augmentation needs of TEC and CTCN along-with its other linkages, for example, financial

mechanism, national focal points, with respect to effectively anchoring technology development and transfer

to recommend and undertake appropriate measures.]

50. Option 1: [Encourages] [Parties][Developed country Parties][Parties included in annex X]

[to][shall][should] take steps to [improve enabling environments] [and address barriers] for technology

development and transfer by:

(a) Option (a): Establishing and strengthening policy frameworks, institutions and capacity to build

country ownership and innovation, integrating a gender perspective and involving and strengthening

the potential of citizens and communities;

Option (b) 1: Arrangements shall be established to address IPRs, such as collaborative research and

development, shareware, commitments related to humanitarian or preferential licensing, fully

paid-up or joint licensing schemes, preferential rates and patent pools;

Option (b) 2: No text;

(b) [Leveraging and attracting private sector investments and promoting access to [public sector

technology][technology in the public domain];]

(c) Strengthening the development and enhancement of endogenous capacities and technologies;

(d) Option (a): In accordance with Article 4.5 of the Convention, developed country Parties shall

provide financial resources to address barriers created by intellectual property rights (IPRs) and

facilitate access to and the deployment of technology, including, inter alia, by utilizing the Financial

Mechanism and/or establishing a funding window under the GCF to meet the full costs of IPRs of

environmentally sound technologies and know-how, and such technologies will be provided to

developing country Parties free of cost in order to enhance their actions to address climate change;

Option (b): No text;

Option 2: [Developed country Parties][Parties included in annex X] [shall][should][other] undertake steps

to address barriers to accessing technology [and know-how] and to:

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

45 of 51

(a) Establish and strengthen their necessary policy frameworks in order to facilitate the removal of barriers and enable and

accelerate technology development and transfer to [developing country Parties][Parties not included in annex X];

(b) [Leverage enhanced support from the private sector for technology development and transfer to [developing country

Parties][Parties not included in annex X]] [Promote access to public sector technology and promote development and

transfer to developing country Parties];

(c) Provide financial and human resources and institutional and technical support for technology development and transfer

to [, and for the development and enhancement of endogenous capacities and technologies of] [developing country

Parties][Parties not included in annex X];

51. Option 1: Requests the [IPC] to develop recommendations regarding the technology framework referred to in Article 7,

paragraph 2, of the Agreement, for consideration and adoption by the [CMA] at its first session, taking into account the need to

avoid duplication and the opportunity to create synergies. The [IPC] should consider, inter alia, the relationship between this

framework and the technology transfer framework established by decision 4/CP.7, as well as the functions of the former and its

linkage to the Technology Mechanism;

Option 2: [Decides that the SBI review the Technology Framework with a view to strengthening it, taking into consideration

that the Framework shall inter alia] [Requests the [IPC][SBI/SBSTA][others] to elaborate on the technology framework

established in article 7.2 of the Agreement taking into consideration that it shall, inter alia,]:

(a) Facilitate the undertaking and updating of TNA in developing country Parties;

(b) Facilitate various options for enabling developing countries' access to technologies;

(c) Facilitate the [undertaking of technology assessments][conducting of regular assessments [on][of] technologies that are

ready for transfer];

(d) Make the list of ready-to-transfer technologies;

(e) Set the target for supporting the development and transfer of each technology to developing countries;

(f) [Mobilize resources to deliver the support] [[Facilitate] enhance financing and technical support for the implementation

of the outcomes of technology needs of developing countries];

(g) Address barriers and create appropriate enabling environments for technology development and transfer;

52. Option 1: Decides that the TEC and the CTCN [shall] [should] report to the [CMA] through the subsidiary bodies on their

activities relating to the implementation of the Agreement;

Option 2: Decides that the [CMA][governing body] [may][shall][should] provide further guidance to [and strengthen] the

[Technology Mechanism][institutional arrangements for technology[ development and transfer]] established under the

Convention and serving this agreement, taking into account the specific needs of [developing countries][Parties not included in

annex X] and countries with special circumstances in Africa, the LDCs and SIDS and promoting needs-based development,

access, management and control, emphasizing the most marginalized; the guidance provided by the [CMA] [governing body]

shall not conflict with the guidance provided by the COP;

52bis. [Decides that [CMA] [the governing body] [an ad hoc review and monitoring mechanism shall be established and] shall conduct

a periodic assessment of the effectiveness and adequacy [and implementation] of the [Technology Mechanism] [institutional

arrangements] for technology development and transfer. [The [Technology Mechanism] [institutional arrangements] shall

improve their performance, and be mandated new functions, as needed, in accordance with the result of the assessment;]

CAPACITY-BUILDING

Option 1

53. Requests the SBI to act on the outcome of the 3rd review of the Capacity Building Framework, including ensuring appropriate

institutional arrangements related to the implementation of art. [8] of the [Paris Agreement], and submit a proposal for

consideration by the COP at its twenty-second session;

Option 2:

53. Decides to launch a [two-year] work programme to enhance the implementation of the framework for capacity-building in

developing countries established by decision 2/CP.7;

[53.bis: Decides that the work programme should:

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

46 of 51

(a) Facilitate the effective implementation of capacity-building actions of developing country at the national and regional

levels, in particular addressing their INDCs;

(b) Promote coherence between existing institutions established under the Convention which deliver capacity building

activities;

(c) Assess the effectiveness of the delivery of capacity-building support by ensuring the following;

(i) Compilation of information from relevant sources, including from the comprehensive reviews and the outcomes

of the Durban Forum on Capacity-building;

(ii) Analysis of information pertaining to capacity-building to identify, inter alia, gaps and needs and other relevant

trends, communicated by Parties;

(iii) Development and dissemination of tools and methodologies for the enhanced delivery of capacity-building;

(iv) Development of tools for MRV of capacity-building;

(d) Close collaboration with other multilateral and international organizations involved in capacity-building;

(e) Reporting of MRV on support received for capacity-building against needs;

(f) Facilitation of efforts of developing country Parties to elaborate plans and strategies for achieving climate resilience and

sustainable development trajectories in accordance with their national priorities and legislation;

[(g) Implement the capacity-building measures recommended by the decision on workstream II during the pre-2020 period;]]

54. Also decides that the work programme should address, inter alia:

(a) Gaps and needs, current and emerging, in the delivery of capacity-building [in developing countries with the support

from developed countries,] [respecting human rights and with a gender responsive approach,] in particular at the national

level;

(b) Ways and means to enhance coordination and coherence in the provision of capacity-building [of developing countries

regarding to their implementation of mitigation and adaptation,] including within existing institutional arrangements;

[(c) Ways to further enhance the monitoring of the effectiveness of capacity building support in developing countries through

the development of indicators.]

55. Requests the SBI to [develop recommendations concerning] [report annually on the progress of] the work programme referred to

in paragraphs 53 [, 53.bis] and 54 above [for consideration by the COP at its twenty-third session] [to the IPC and CMA];

56. Option 1: Requests the [IPC] [SBI] to prepare a recommendation to the CMA for the enhancement and intensification of the

work of the institutional arrangements on capacity-building;

Option 2: Requests the [IPC] [SBI] to develop modalities and procedures for the capacity-building mechanism established in

Article 8, paragraph 4, of the Agreement;

57. [Recalls the importance of] [Encourages Parties to ensure that] education, training and public awareness reflected in Article 6 of the

Convention [and in Article 8.bis of the Agreement [are adequately considered in their capacity building efforts]];

57.bis The CMA shall adopt modalities and procedures for the delivery of training, public awareness, public participation and public

access to information so as to enhance actions under this agreement, at its first session.

Textual Option on an International Mechanism for Capacity Building under the Convention

and the 2015 Agreement

[International Mechanism for Capacity Building under the Convention and the 2015 Agreement

The International Mechanism for Capacity Building is the institutional arrangement for capacity building under the Convention, the

Kyoto Protocol and the 2015 Agreement and constitutes the Durban Forum, the Portal and the proposed Capacity Building

Coordination Committee (proposed decision xx/CP.21). The Mechanism is established under the Capacity Building

Frameworks (decisions 2/CP.7 and 3/CP.7) to address capacity building needs and gaps in developing countries and countries

with economies in transition as they implement the Convention, the Kyoto Protocol and the 2015 Agreement.

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

47 of 51

In fulfilling its role in a comprehensive, integrated and coherent manner, the International Capacity Building Mechanism shall:

1. Enhance knowledge and understanding of technical and management approaches to address capacity building needs and gaps in

developing countries and countries with economies in transition by facilitating and promoting (a) action to address gaps in the

understanding of and expertise in approaches to address capacity building associated with implementation of the Convention, its

Kyoto Protocol and the 2015 Agreement; (b) the collection, sharing, management and utilization of relevant data and

information; and (c) translation into implementable actions of the synthesis of best practices, challenges, experiences and

lessons learned drawn and developed by the Secretariat from the Durban Forum and any data and information from the Capacity

Building Portal;

2. Strengthen dialogue, coordination, coherence and synergies among relevant stakeholders;

3. Provide leadership and coordination and, as and where appropriate, oversight on the assessment and implementation of

approaches to address capacity building needs and gaps in developing countries and countries in transition associated with the

implementation of the Convention, its Kyoto Protocol and the 2015 Agreement;

4. Foster dialogue, coordination, coherence and synergies among all relevant stakeholders, institutions, bodies, processes and

initiatives outside the Convention, with a view to promoting cooperation and collaboration across relevant work and activities at

the sub-national, national, regional and international levels;

5. Enhance action and support, including adaptation, mitigation, finance and technology, to address capacity building under the

Convention, the Kyoto Protocol and the 2015 Agreement;

6. Provide information and recommendations on addressing capacity building implementation needs and gaps in developing

countries and countries with economies in transition for consideration by the Conference of the Parties when providing relevant

guidance to the financial mechanisms and their entities under the Convention, its Kyoto Protocol and the 2015 Agreement;

7. Facilitate the mobilization and securing of expertise, and enhancement of support, including adaptation, mitigation, finance and

technology, to strengthen existing approaches and, where necessary, facilitate the development and implementation of

additional approaches to address capacity building under the Convention, its Kyoto Protocol and the 2015 Agreement;

8. Strengthen, consolidate and enhance the sharing of relevant information, knowledge, experience and good practices, at the local,

national, regional and international levels, taking into account, as appropriate, traditional knowledge and practices and gender

disaggregated data and information;

9. Complement, draw upon the work of and involve, as appropriate, existing bodies and expert groups under the Convention, the

Kyoto Protocol and the 2015 Agreement as well as on that of relevant organizations and expert bodies outside the Convention, at

the sub-national, national and international levels;

10. Promote synergy and strengthen engagement with sun-national, national, regional and international organizations, centres and

networks, in order to enhance the implementation of capacity building actions on mitigation, adaptation, technology and finance

in developing countries and countries with economies in transition;

11. Consider data and information communicated by countries and other partners on monitoring and review of capacity building at

sub-national, national, regional and international levels in relation to mitigation, adaptation, technology transfer, and support

provided and received, possible needs and gaps and other relevant information;

12. Assess and provide recommends on further actions the may be required to lift constraints and fill gaps on capacity building in at

sub-national, national, regional and international levels, particularly in developing countries and countries with economies in

transition.]

TRANSPARENCY OF ACTION AND SUPPORT

58. [Requests the operating entities of the Financial Mechanism of the Convention to allocate financial resources for the building of

transparency-related capacity of developing country Parties in need, on a continuous basis;;] {move to the Agreement}

58bis. Requests the Standing Committee on Finance, when preparing guidance for the operating entities of the Financial Mechanism of

the COP to include a proposal on how the Financial Mechanism could provide financial resources for the building and / or

strengthening the transparency-related capacity of developing countries in need, respecting country-driven priorities and

responding to the relevant provisions of Article 9 and Decision x/CP.21. With the view to foster country ownership,

transparency-related capacity building shall be designed to:

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

48 of 51

(a) Assist in establishing or strengthening existing national institutions for transparency-related activities, in accordance

with national circumstances;

(b) Provide relevant training and assistance in meeting the provisions stipulated in Article 9 of the agreement;

(c) Assist the improvement of transparency over time.

58ter. Decides that a Capacity-Building Reporting Initiative should be established in order to enhance Parties' capacity to report in a

transparent, accurate, complete, comparable, consistent and timely manner, pursuant to Article 9.

58quinquies.Encourages the Global Environment Facility to support the establishment and operation of this Initiative as a reporting

priority need.

59. Option 1: Also requests the [IPC][SBSTA] to develop recommendations for modalities, procedures and guidelines in

accordance with Article 9,[, paragraph 6,], of the Agreement for adoption [at the first session of the CMA.] [by the COP by

2018];

Option 1bis.Also requests the IPC when developing modalities, procedures and guidelines in para 59, to consider inter alia the

application of technical corrections in the review of greenhouse gas inventories provided in accordance with Article 9 paragraph

4.a;

Option 2: Also requests the SBSTA to develop recommendations for modalities, procedures and guidelines in accordance with

Article 9, paragraph 6, of the Agreement for adoption at the first session of the CMA. It shall take into account, inter alia:

(a) The ability for each Party to elect one or more aspects of the flexibility to be specified in the guidance to be adopted by

the CMA on the basis of the Party's capacity, such as level of detail of reporting, frequency, and scope, provided that the

Party revisits the flexibility regularly.

(b) The importance of facilitating improved reporting and transparency over time;

(c) The need to avoid undue burden and duplication;

(d) The facilitative, non-intrusive nature of review.

Option I:

59bis. Further requests that the work programme in paragraph 59 will report to future sessions of the Conference of the Parties on the

progress of its work, and will conclude its work no later than

2018;

59ter. Decides that Parties' first biennial communications shall be submitted in 2022.

59quater.Decides that the review of reporting shall commence three months following the submission of biennial communications.

59quinquies.Decides that the measurement, reporting and verification system established in 1/CP.16, and 2/CP.17 shall be superseded

by the common system of transparency of action and support, immediately following submission of the final biennial reports and

biennial update reports.

Option II:

59bis. Decides to hereby establish a work programme for transparency readiness under the Subsidiary Body for Implementation to assist

developing country Parties in preparing for implementation of Article 9 of the Agreement, which would include the following:

(a) Identifying capacity building needs, taking into account lessons learned from the existing arrangements under the

Convention; and

(b) Providing support, on an ongoing basis, to enable developing country Parties to effectively participate in the

transparency system.

59ter. Requests the Subsidiary Body for Implementation to agree on activities to be undertaken under the above-mentioned work

programme by its forty-fifth session.

59quaterAlso requests the Subsidiary Body for Implementation to provide a report to each session of the Conference of the Parties with

a view to seeking guidance for further actions.

Option III:

59bis. Decides to continue and further strengthen the mandate of multilateral assessment for provision of financial resources, technology

development and transfer, and capacity-building to developing countries during the International Assessment and Review

process for developed country Parties, to ensure that commitments and the provision of such support by developed country

Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II are implemented, verified through a robust verification system, and

meet the needs expressed and identified by developing country Parties, recalling the mandate from paragraph 26, Decision

2/CP.17, on revising the modalities and procedures of International Assessment and Review no later than 2016.

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

49 of 51

59ter. Further decides that Developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II shall report on provision of

financial resources, technology development and transfer, and capacity-building to developing countries, in line with the

common methodologies adopted by the COP as mandated by paragraph 19, Decision 2/CP.17.

Option IV:

59. Also requests the IPC and SBSTA to develop recommendations for modalities, procedures, rules and guidelines for a common

framework for transparency of action and support in accordance with Article 9, paragraph 2, 3, 4 and 6 of the Agreement, taking

into account the need for flexibility in the light of capability, for consideration and adoption by the CMA at its first session, on:

(a) Transparency of action;

(i) Parties ensure methodological consistency between the communication of nationally determined mitigation

[contributions][commitments][other] and their implementation;

(ii) Parties include an explanation of key categories of emissions and removals for the exclusion from their

nationally determined mitigation [contribution][commitment][other], and strive to include these over time;

(iii) Parties, once a source, sink or activity is accounted for in a nationally determined mitigation

[contribution][commitment][other], continue to include it or provide an explanation of why it has been excluded;

(iv) Parties use common metrics and methodologies adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

(IPCC) for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions and removals;

(v) [Internationally transferred mitigation outcomes used by any Party to meet its nationally determined mitigation

[contribution][commitment][other] are supplemental to domestic action;]

(vi) Parties report on progress in implementation of their National Adaptation Plans to the UNFCCC every two

years, and collectively exchange information and share lesson learned in the implementation of adaptation,

including in the SBSTA and by promoting, coordinating and strengthening adaptation knowledge platforms,

centres and networks;

(vii) Parties improve the methodologies for reporting information in their adaptation

[contributions][commitments][actions] or undertakings, assessments of climate change impacts, their

quantification and information on vulnerability, and the quantification of impacts, and actions taken to build

resilience and reduce vulnerability and investments required, and contributing information to the global

stock-take, as set out in Article 10 of this Agreement; {still considering transparency in relation to adaptation

and its support further}

(b)Transparency of support;

(i) Support provided, enhancing delivery of support for both adaptation and mitigation through, inter alia, the

common tabular formats for reporting support, and taking into account the SBSTA item on methodologies for

reporting on finance, domestic measurement and international verification; and enhancing reporting by

developing countries on support received, including the use, impact and estimated results thereof;

(ii) Enhanced domestic MRV systems for action and support;

(iii) Developing an international system of accounting designed to avoid double or multiple counting of support

across countries and donors;

(iv) Information to enable tracking of progress against the aggregate goal for finance, set out in Article 6, paragraph

x, and the global stock-take set out in Article 10, and the broader transformation of financial flows,

(v) Drawing on the biennial assessments undertaken by the Standing Committee on Finance.

GLOBAL STOCKTAKE

60.

Option 1:

Decides that the stocktaking referred to in Article 10 of the Agreement shall be designed to:

(a) Take into account [an updated synthesis report on the aggregate progress towards the below 2°C objective and the long-term

goal specified in Article 3.1] [the information on the implementation of the individual and collective efforts under the

Agreement];

(a)bis. Consider the aggregate effect of the nationally determined contributions communicated by Parties for subsequent

commitment periods;

(a)ter. Consider the state of adaptation efforts in light of mitigation trajectories;

(a)quater.Take into account the state of adaptation experiences, efforts and priorities:

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

50 of 51

(a) quinquies.Consider the adequacy of the mobilization and provision of means of

implementation;

(b) Be informed by the reports of the IPCC;

(c) Take into consideration [relevant input from the MRV process] [the lessons learned from the 2013-2015 review];

(c)bis.Take into consideration options for forward planning of Parties' NDCs;

(c)ter.Take into account the financial needs of developing countries to participate in the stocktake;

(c)quater.Take into account input from non-state actors, relevant international organizations and international cooperative

initiatives;

(c) quinquies.Take into account information from the technical examination of opportunities to

enhance practical action;

(d) Other;

recognising that modalities may differ across elements.

Option 2:

No text

61.

Option 1:

Requests the SBSTA to provide advice on how the assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change can inform the

stocktaking of the implementation of the Agreement pursuant to its Article 10, paragraph 1, and to report to the IPC on this matter at

its [second][first] session;

Option 2:

No text

62.

Option 1:

Also requests the IPC to develop modalities for the stocktaking, referred to in Article 10, paragraph 2, of the Agreement, and make

recommendations to the CMA for consideration and adoption at its first session. The IPC should be guided by paragraph 60 above

and Article 10, paragraph 1, of the Agreement, take into account the advice of the SBSTA referred to in paragraph 61 above, and

consider the following when developing the modalities:

(a) The arrangements for the stocktaking including the institutional arrangements and the relationship with other

Agreement and Convention processes and procedures;

(b) The operational processes and procedures, including relevant time frames;

(b) bis. The manner in which the stocktake process shall serve as an input to the High Level

Sessions established under Articles 4.10 and 6.12 of the Agreement;

(c) The form and nature of the outcomes of the stocktaking [taking into account the nature of

the process as described in Article 10.1 of the Agreement];

Option 2:

Also requests the IPC to develop modalities for the stocktaking, referred to in Article 10, paragraph 2, of the Agreement, and make

recommendations to the CMA for consideration and adoption at its first session.

FACILITATING IMPLEMENTATION AND COMPLIANCE

63. Requests the [IPC][ADP][COP][SBI] to develop the [additional] modalities and procedures for the [effective operation of the

Committee][process][mechanism][International Climate Justice Tribunal] [, including the Committee,] referred to in

Article 11 of the Agreement with a view to completing its work on this matter for consideration and adoption by the CMA

at its first session;

ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION

ADP 2-11 - Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2

51 of 51

PROCEDURAL AND INSTITUTIONAL PRO VISIONS

Option 1:

64. Requests the IPC to develop the draft rules of procedure of the CMA, including procedures for decision-making and voting by Parties

to the Agreement, in accordance with Article 12, paragraph 4, of the Agreement, with a view to the IPC making

recommendations on this matter to the CMA at the first session of the CMA;

Option 2:

No text

IV. [WORKSTREAM 2]

[This part of draft decision has been issued as a separate document.]

V. INTERIM INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

90.-91. {integrated into section i of the draft Decision}

VI. ADMINISTRATIVE AND BUDGETARY MATTERS

92. Takes note of the requirement for additional resources for the implementation of the relevant actions referred to in this decision;

93. Emphasizes the urgency of making additional resources available for the implementation of the relevant actions, including the

actions referred to in this decision, and the implementation of the work programme referred to in paragraphs 7-9 above;

94. Urges Parties to make voluntary contributions for the timely implementation of this decision, noting the estimated budget

requirement for 2016 of USD [X];

95. Requests the Executive Secretary to provide an estimate of the budgetary implications of the actions requested in this decision to

be undertaken in 2017 for consideration by the SBI at its forty-fourth session, with a view to the SBI making a recommendation

thereon to the COP at its twenty-second session.]